. Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for the year 1863 . rably fitted, and held in high esteem as the mosteconomical machine for the speediest conversion of corn and grass into meatand money. THEIR ORIGIN. The original short, horns occupied the east of England, Yorkshire, and thevalley of the Tees at the date of the earliest records of British were various in size, color, and other peculiarities; the dark-skinnedherds of the fens resembling the black cattle of the Holland marshes, and thefiner forms of Yorkshire and Durham assuming the style and quality of thenoted ca
. Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for the year 1863 . rably fitted, and held in high esteem as the mosteconomical machine for the speediest conversion of corn and grass into meatand money. THEIR ORIGIN. The original short, horns occupied the east of England, Yorkshire, and thevalley of the Tees at the date of the earliest records of British were various in size, color, and other peculiarities; the dark-skinnedherds of the fens resembling the black cattle of the Holland marshes, and thefiner forms of Yorkshire and Durham assuming the style and quality of thenoted cattle of Holstein and Jutland; and yet it may not certainly be knownwhether the ancient immigrants from those localities brought this stock toEngland, or whether this similarity is the result of climate and keeping. Itwas, at least, a race very distinct from that of Ireland and the west of Eng-land, with long horns, thick skins, and a heavy coat of hair, well suited fortheir protection in a climate subject to continuous seasons of rain. It is well Plate « ^ <i o H O M 5 SHORT HORN CATTLE. 191 known in later times that Dutch and Danish importations modified these cattleof the east of England, and suggested the more recent and greater improve-ments of Charles and Robert Colling, commencing about the era of our revo-lution, and continued successfully since by Messrs. Bates, Booth, Towuley,and others in England, and Thorne, Alexander, and other breeders in thiscountry. While Bakewell was pursuing his experiments with the long horns of thewest, then regarded as superior to other breeds, and perfecting his Dishleycattle, reducing their size, giving a full cylindrical body, softening the skinand reducing the bone, very much in the manner of his improvement of theDishley or Leicester breed of sheep, it occurred to the Collings that the shorthorns were more susceptible of improvement. The result has proved their su-periority. The Dishleys are now only bred for the production
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