. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. CARBOHYDRATES OF B. GLABRATA 239 All the glycosylated components of the matrix can be produced in cells of the PG (Zone 1) and the distal belt (Zones 2 and 3). In contrast to Zones 1 to 3, the proximal belt (Zone 4) and the OME (Zone 5) exhibited only termi- nal GlcNac and Man/Glc, respectively pointing to the production of a GAG with a pi of and to the less acidic glycosylated material, the glycoprotein, or both. The lectin binding pattern of the mantle edge indicates a functional differentiation among the vari
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. CARBOHYDRATES OF B. GLABRATA 239 All the glycosylated components of the matrix can be produced in cells of the PG (Zone 1) and the distal belt (Zones 2 and 3). In contrast to Zones 1 to 3, the proximal belt (Zone 4) and the OME (Zone 5) exhibited only termi- nal GlcNac and Man/Glc, respectively pointing to the production of a GAG with a pi of and to the less acidic glycosylated material, the glycoprotein, or both. The lectin binding pattern of the mantle edge indicates a functional differentiation among the various kinds of GAGs. but the same GAG has different functions depending on the location of its Figure 6. Binding of the lectin ConA (1:200) to the outer mantle epithelium oi Biomphalaria glabrata. The positive reaction product can be seen apically (small arrow); the gray appearance of the cell bodies is caused by their natural orange color (large arrow). Conclusions The striking difference in the lectin binding pattern between the distal part (Zones 1 to 3) and the proximal part (Zones 4 and 5) of the shell-forming tissue gives new emphasis to a strict functional separation between these parts. In Zones 1, 2, and 3 of the mantle edge of freshwater snails, a phenol oxidase activity has been observed (Tim- mermanns, 1969; Bielefeld et 1993a). This enzyme may be responsible for the sclerotization and tanning of the periostracum (Waite, 1984) and the matrix (Gordon and Carriker, 1980), which thus become water-insoluble. The sugar patterns in the SM and IM of B. glabrata are very similar, indicating that GAGs are trapped in the network of sclerotized proteins. In Zones 4 and 5, a strong alkaline phosphatase activity (Timmermanns, 1969; Bielefeld et 1993b) and a car- bonic anhydrase activity were detected (Timmermanns, 1969; Boer and Witteveen, 1980); both enzymes are thought to be closely related to the mineralization process. Please note that these images are e
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