The etiology of osseous deformities of the head, face, jaws and teeth . rful, a sine qua non where the leverage formuscular action is so short as in this particular occiput. Thefacial type in this specimen is markedly prognathous as regardsboth upper and lower jaws. The tout ensemble in this case is strongly suggestive of areversion to the anthropoid type, which is often the distin-guishing characteristic of the degenerate Ethiopian type, 140 ETIOLOGY OF OSSEOUS DEFORMITIES OF criminal or The following are the measurementsof this exceedingly interesting cranium: Horizontal index, .
The etiology of osseous deformities of the head, face, jaws and teeth . rful, a sine qua non where the leverage formuscular action is so short as in this particular occiput. Thefacial type in this specimen is markedly prognathous as regardsboth upper and lower jaws. The tout ensemble in this case is strongly suggestive of areversion to the anthropoid type, which is often the distin-guishing characteristic of the degenerate Ethiopian type, 140 ETIOLOGY OF OSSEOUS DEFORMITIES OF criminal or The following are the measurementsof this exceedingly interesting cranium: Horizontal index, . . Circumference, ----- Anterior demi-circumference. Posterior demi-circumference, Bi-zygomatic diam., - - - - Longitudinal diam., - . . Transverse diam., . - - . Vertical diam. (vertex to foramen magnum), Occipito-mental diam., Bi-frontal diam., - - - - - Bi-mastoid diam., . - . Over vertex, from ear to ear, Ant. bord. foramen mag. to sup. occipital angle. c. c. c. c. mm. 122 mm. 132 mm. mm. 95 mm. 114 mm. 317 mm. 103 Fig. 34. The excessive development of the jaws and alveolar pro-cesses in this specimen are such as are generally observed inthe negro races, in whom the jaws are usually well developedand rarely deformed. The only noticeable feature of this par-ticular specimen is a high palatal vault. * Dr. Lydston has found in comparative studies of crania that the plane ofthe occipital bone is of some importance as bearing upon diiferentiation. Inthe anthropoids the relative shortness and horizontal direction of the occipitalbone is very striking—especially is this true of the basilar process. In thedegenerate types of human crania, or, at least, in the atavistic types, thereseems to be a direct relation between the length and angle of the basilar pro-cess and intelligence. Dr. Clevenger called attention to the angle of the medullaas bearing upon intelligence, years ago. but Dr. Lydstons observations,although confirmatory of those o
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