. Railroad construction, theory and practice; a text-book for the use of students in colleges and technical schools . Steel Coal Wooden Box Car; Steel ^Fig. 200.—Some Heavy Freioht Car§,{To face page 456.) § 419. ROLLING-STOCK. 457 steel, while the cost of wood is possibly higher than advocates of the use of steel advise steel floors, sides, box-cars a wooden, floor has advantages. For ore andcoal-cars an all-metal construction has advantages. (Fig. 200.)In Germany, where steel frames have been almost exclusivelyin use for many years, they have not yet been able
. Railroad construction, theory and practice; a text-book for the use of students in colleges and technical schools . Steel Coal Wooden Box Car; Steel ^Fig. 200.—Some Heavy Freioht Car§,{To face page 456.) § 419. ROLLING-STOCK. 457 steel, while the cost of wood is possibly higher than advocates of the use of steel advise steel floors, sides, box-cars a wooden, floor has advantages. For ore andcoal-cars an all-metal construction has advantages. (Fig. 200.)In Germany, where steel frames have been almost exclusivelyin use for many years, they have not yet been able to determinethe normal age limit of such frames; none have yet worn outcThe Hfe is estimated at 50 to 80 years Brake beams are also best made of metal rather than wood,as was formerly done. Metal brake-beams are generally used oncars having air-brakes, as a wooden beam must be excessivelylarge and heavy in order to have sufficient rigidity. Truck-frames (see Fig. 201), which were formerly made prin-cipally of wood, are now largely made of pressed steel. It makesa reduction in weight of about 3000 lbs. per car. The increased
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