. Garcia the centenarian and his times; being a memoir of Manuel Garcia's life and labours for the advancement of music and science. all communicationbetween France and Madrid. The movement com-pletely overthrew the French domination in Spain,and Joseph Bonaparte fled with all the troops hecould collect. Wellington followed, and came upwith the French army at Vittoria, where he de-feated them. This victory, by which the invaders were drivenback into France, was followed by a burst ofnational enthusiasm. The Spanish guerillas de-stroyed every isolated French post, and on October8, 1813, Welling
. Garcia the centenarian and his times; being a memoir of Manuel Garcia's life and labours for the advancement of music and science. all communicationbetween France and Madrid. The movement com-pletely overthrew the French domination in Spain,and Joseph Bonaparte fled with all the troops hecould collect. Wellington followed, and came upwith the French army at Vittoria, where he de-feated them. This victory, by which the invaders were drivenback into France, was followed by a burst ofnational enthusiasm. The Spanish guerillas de-stroyed every isolated French post, and on October8, 1813, Wellington crossed the French borderswith his army. A few months later Ferdinand VII. was restoredto the throne of Spain. Such were the events through which his nativeland was passing during the childhood of ManuelGarcia, and which he was able to recall in afterlife. What memories and experiences must he havehad to pour into the ears of his parents when, inthe summer of 1814, he was summoned to jointhem at Naples, where they had settled two yearspreviously, having been forced to leave Paris owingto the strong feeling against Spain !. MANUEL GARCIAS FATHER. 25 CHAPTER III. NAPLES.(1814-1816.) When Manuel Garcia joined his parents in Italyin the summer of 1814, being at the time in histenth year, he found Naples under the rule ofKing Murat. Here he saw for the first time his sister Maria,who was now six years old, while his father hefound installed in the position of principal tenorin the chapel choir of King Murat. The elderGarcia had held this post for about two years, hav-ing been appointed immediately on his arrival fromParis. Since then he had been devoting himselfto a complete study of the art of singing underhis friend and teacher, Ansani. This celebrated tenor was able to hand on to himthe Italian vocal traditions of that Bel Cantoschool which had come down from the old Neapol-itan maestro, Porpora. Soon after Manuel came to Italy he was takenby his father to see Ansani, who not
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