. Cold-water Coral Reefs: out of sight - no longer out of mind. UNEP-WCMC Biodiversity Series 22. Cold-water coral reefs. Figure 16: Lost gillnets and their impact on the coral ecosystem with examples from coral-covered carbonate mounds off western Ireland: |A| A ghost- fishing glllnet continues actively fishing for a long time. (61 Failed recovery of a gillnet that was supposedly lost when dragged through the corals during a recovery attempt. (C| Close-up of (B| showing the unselective bycatch of live and dead corals. Scavenging crabs are attracted by the smashed corals PholoA IFREMER. CARACO
. Cold-water Coral Reefs: out of sight - no longer out of mind. UNEP-WCMC Biodiversity Series 22. Cold-water coral reefs. Figure 16: Lost gillnets and their impact on the coral ecosystem with examples from coral-covered carbonate mounds off western Ireland: |A| A ghost- fishing glllnet continues actively fishing for a long time. (61 Failed recovery of a gillnet that was supposedly lost when dragged through the corals during a recovery attempt. (C| Close-up of (B| showing the unselective bycatch of live and dead corals. Scavenging crabs are attracted by the smashed corals PholoA IFREMER. CARACOLE. 2001. B-C IFREMER. ARK-19/3a. 2003 considered the greatest threat to cold-water coral reefs and includes bottom trawls and dredges. Bottom trawls are mobile fishing gear towed behind a vessel. A cone-shaped, bag-lil<e net is held open by a solid beam or by vanes (known as doorsi made of wood or steel. Large trawl doors can weigh as much as 6 tonnes. During the towing, the doors are in contact with the seabed and l<eep the net open by the force of water pressure. To secure contact between the seabed and the net. the groundline can be weighted by chains or cables with heavy discs or rollers, and this enables the trawl to fish over rough seabed with rocks and boulders or coral- rich grounds (Figure 15). Usually the bottom of the net is reinforced or protected to prevent it tearing; the nets can be as large as 55 m across and 12 m high. Bottom trawls are used to catch crustaceans, gadoids, flatfish, rockfish and other bottom-living fishes. Due to their widespread use, bottom trawls have the largest disruptive impact of any fishing gear on the seabed in general and especially on coral ecosystems (Morgan and Chuenpagdee. 20031 Bottom trawling on deep shelves and along the continental margins down to 1 500 m depth and beyond increased dramatically in the late 1980s (Gordon, 2003: Roberts, 2002; Fossa et al., 20021. On a typical 15-day trip in the Rockall Trough, northeast At
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