American Civil War, Chattanooga Campaign, 1863
The Chattanooga Campaign was a series of maneuvers and battles in October and November 1863, during the American Civil War. After opening a supply line to feed his starving men and animals, General Grant's army fought off a Confederate counterattack at the Battle of Wauhatchie on October 28-29, 1863. On November 23, the Army of the Cumberland advanced from the fortifications around Chattanooga to seize the minor high ground at Orchard Knob while elements of the Union Army of the Tennessee under General Sherman maneuvered to launch a surprise attack against General Bragg's right flank on Missionary Ridge. On November 24, Eastern Theater troops under General Hooker defeated the Confederates in the Battle of Lookout Mountain and began a movement toward Bragg's left flank at Rossville. On November 25, Sherman's attack on Bragg's right flank made little progress. Hoping to distract Bragg's attention, Grant authorized Thomas's army to advance in the center of his line to the base of Missionary Ridge. A combination of misunderstood orders and the pressure of the tactical situation caused Thomas's men to surge to the top of Missionary Ridge, routing the Army of Tennessee, which retreated to Dalton, Georgia, fighting off the Union pursuit successfully at the Battle of Ringgold Gap. Bragg's defeat eliminated the last significant Confederate control of Tennessee and opened the door to an invasion of the Deep South, leading to Sherman's Atlanta Campaign of 1864. Artwork credited to Thure de Thulstrup, published by L. Prang & Company, 1880.
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