History of mediæval art . namely, the taking of Constantinople by theTurks in 1453, and the emancipation of Russia from the yoke ofthe Tartars in 1480. Byzantine art had taken too deep root inthe Muscovite Empire to be greatly disturbed because of theoccupation of its native soil on the Bospofus by the Moham-medans ; and Byzantine painting, having become nationalized inRussia, continued as general and as unaltered as it did in thedistricts dependent upon Mount Athos for their supply of ecclesi-astical pictures. The intercourse with Asia had been furtheredrather than lessened by the driving ou
History of mediæval art . namely, the taking of Constantinople by theTurks in 1453, and the emancipation of Russia from the yoke ofthe Tartars in 1480. Byzantine art had taken too deep root inthe Muscovite Empire to be greatly disturbed because of theoccupation of its native soil on the Bospofus by the Moham-medans ; and Byzantine painting, having become nationalized inRussia, continued as general and as unaltered as it did in thedistricts dependent upon Mount Athos for their supply of ecclesi-astical pictures. The intercourse with Asia had been furtheredrather than lessened by the driving out of the Tartars. After the RUSSIA. 69 middle of the fifteenth century Italian and German artists wereimported, in preference to Byzantines, into the rapidly advancingcity of Moscow, which, in 1328, had become the capital of thecountry; but by this time the peculiarities of Russian art were sofully determined that these foreigners were unable to introduce theprinciples of design which had been so successfully developed in. â Fig* 39-âPlan and section of a Cupola-tower of the Church of St. Sophia atKiev. Fig. 40. â Plan and Elevation of aCupola-tower of the Vassili Blaggenoiin Moscow. their native lands. In 1475 the Italian architect Rid. Fioravanti wassummoned from Boldgna to superintend the rebuilding of the Church«of the Assumption of the Virgin in the Kremlin ; yet he seems tohave been desired rather as a skilful constructor than as a designer,being only required to copy the Cathedral of Vladimir. Hencethe nationality of the architect is only evident in the decorativedetails of this building, the five turnip-shaped cupolas of which 70 EARLY CHRISTIAN AND BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE. appear decidedly Asiatic. The Church of the Annunciation in theKremlin, built between 1489 and 1508, bore a similar relation to itsarchitect, an Italian by the name of Alvisio. The remarkable edificeVassili Blagennoi in Moscow, built in 1554 by Ivan the Cruel, incommemoration of the subjugatio
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