. Review of reviews and world's work. e slaves of the period prior to1865, and their descendants. But it is a facthardly as yet comprehended in Eastern States that the white residents of the Indian Territory,immigrants from various States, outnumber allthe Indian residents more than five to one. Among the five tribes are many politicians,who in tlie tricks of the trade, says Mr. Harvey, have nothing valuable to learn from Murphy,Piatt, Goi-man, or any other boss. Lobbies areset up by them at Washington, and packed cau-cuses in Indian Territory towns are by no meansunknown. Coming to politics o
. Review of reviews and world's work. e slaves of the period prior to1865, and their descendants. But it is a facthardly as yet comprehended in Eastern States that the white residents of the Indian Territory,immigrants from various States, outnumber allthe Indian residents more than five to one. Among the five tribes are many politicians,who in tlie tricks of the trade, says Mr. Harvey, have nothing valuable to learn from Murphy,Piatt, Goi-man, or any other boss. Lobbies areset up by them at Washington, and packed cau-cuses in Indian Territory towns are by no meansunknown. Coming to politics of a higher or-der, they frame constitutions, as they did in thelatter part of 1905, under the leadership of Pleas-ant Porter, the Chief of the Creeks,—who is amore astute personage than was his famous Mach-iavelian precursor, McGillivray, of the CreekNation of a century ago,—for the proposed Stateof Sequoyah, comprising the Indian Johnston, of the Chickasaws ; JohnBrown, of the Seminoles ; William C. Rogers, of. PLEASANT PORTER. (Last chief of the Creek Indians.) 344 THE AMERICAN MONTHLY REI^/EIV OF RE^IEiVS. the Cherokees, are all forceful personalities, who,in Mr. Harveys opinion, are meeting the demandsof the present situation better than their prede-cessors could have done if they were here. Twelve years ago, the commission headed l)ythe late Henry L. Dawes undertook to inducethe Choctaws, the Creeks, and their neighbors to allot their lands to their members as individ-uals, to abolish their tiibal government, and tomerge themselves in the masses of the countryscitizenship. This was indeed a task surroundedby difficulties, but it has at length been success-fully accomplished. The red men of tliese fivetribes are now full-fledged American citizens. THE INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE MOVEMENT. SINCE the expiration of the original Bell tele-phone patents, in 1893, the Middle andWestern States of the Union have witnessed theso-called independent telephone developm
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