. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. NEUROBIOLOGY 183 Figure 1A 17,49 - 25,70 0 22,65 0 14,44 2CE5 2CE90 9CE5 9CE90 TREATMENT Figure IB 40 M DC g 20 - fi I I J °° DC E M 5 -20 g •40 • I ! A I " I/) U T W _ 1 ON i J S — u ' • y 9CE90i c S f5 S S 2 in in in m IM U 0 U S | M r, * ^ g Ov 9CE90B2 Treatment Figure 1C 4 01. « 5 NO BLOCK Time of Blocking (mins) Figure 1. (A) The typical percent changes in foot lengths of Hermis- senda after 2 and 9 paired conditioning events fCEs) measured 5 min and 90 min after completing training ( 2CE5). A positive valu
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. NEUROBIOLOGY 183 Figure 1A 17,49 - 25,70 0 22,65 0 14,44 2CE5 2CE90 9CE5 9CE90 TREATMENT Figure IB 40 M DC g 20 - fi I I J °° DC E M 5 -20 g •40 • I ! A I " I/) U T W _ 1 ON i J S — u ' • y 9CE90i c S f5 S S 2 in in in m IM U 0 U S | M r, * ^ g Ov 9CE90B2 Treatment Figure 1C 4 01. « 5 NO BLOCK Time of Blocking (mins) Figure 1. (A) The typical percent changes in foot lengths of Hermis- senda after 2 and 9 paired conditioning events fCEs) measured 5 min and 90 min after completing training ( 2CE5). A positive value indicates elongation of the animal's foot, the (non-learned) unconditioned response (UR). Negative values indicate foot contraction and a positive conditioned As a secondary result of these experiments, we could assess the degree to which an animal's training is modified by extraneous handling. The less than optimal (non-significant) training results of animals given 9 CEs and tested after 90 min ( 9CE90 animals; Fig. IB) could i-t- directly attributable to the effects of handling. In future behavioral experimental protocols, as well as in routine animal train- ing procedures, the potential for introducing extraneous blocking stimuli that could confound results must be eliminated. Memory consolidation has long been recognized to depend on the species being studied, the nature and the frequency of the instructional inputs, and the kind of blocking activity used to determine when the consolidation is completed (7). Our results thus far apply only to the simplest of conditioning stimuli. However, if the concept of consolidation time applies to hu- mans, then awareness of it could help with schooling in two ways: by alerting teachers to the possible blocking of learning by presenting unrelated materials too close to the main point, or by wakening teachers to the need for waiting past the consol- idation time before asking complex questions about what had just been
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
