. Cassell's natural history. Animals; Animal behavior. TUE SCOJtriOX-FLi: 15 The Snake-flies, or Camel-flies (Rhaphidioi) form a small genus which is now generally referred to this family, but the position of which has given entomologists some trouble. They have a rather large head, with smallish eyes and usually three ocelli, which is attached to a greatly elongated pro- thorax by a thinnish neck, so that the head has considerable freedom of motion in a vertical direction. The insect usually carries its long prothorax a little elevated, and its head bent down, very much alter the fashion of a
. Cassell's natural history. Animals; Animal behavior. TUE SCOJtriOX-FLi: 15 The Snake-flies, or Camel-flies (Rhaphidioi) form a small genus which is now generally referred to this family, but the position of which has given entomologists some trouble. They have a rather large head, with smallish eyes and usually three ocelli, which is attached to a greatly elongated pro- thorax by a thinnish neck, so that the head has considerable freedom of motion in a vertical direction. The insect usually carries its long prothorax a little elevated, and its head bent down, very much alter the fashion of a snake with its head raised. The species are not numerous, and the greater part of those known are inhabitants of Europe, chiefly in the southern parts. Four species live in Britain. The larvw reside under the bark of trees, where they feed upon minute insects ; they have a large prothorax like the perfect insect, and are tolerably active, often wriggling about in a serpentine fashion. The pupa is not enclosed in a cocoon. FAMILY PANORPIDiE. This family is a curious little group, characterised above all things by the perpendicularly placed and greatly elongated head, forming a regular beak, at the end of which the free organs of the mouth are seen, namely, a pair of small toothed mandibles, the lobes of the inaxilliB and the maxillary aud labial palpi. The maxiilse and labium are more or less united, forming the lower surface of the beak. The insects have longish, filiform antennae, moderate, oval eyes, usually three ocelli, a ring-shaped prothorax, and generally four precisely similar wings, showing branched longitudinal veins, but very few cross veins. The legs are long, sometimes much elongated. The larvae, so far as they are known, live in the earth, and are like caterpillars in their general form ; they have a horny head, and three pairs of short, thoracic legs ; their bodies consist of thirteen segments. The pupa resides in a little chamber underground ; in its characters
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