. Bulletin. Forests and forestry -- United States. 35 but only three ;ire comiucrcially important, as they arc the source of the three princii)a] oils of turpentine. (1) The turpentine oiPinus^liiicstcr (.syu. I', maritima) collected in the southern departments of France around Bordeaux. From it is obtained the French tnriientine, which yields 25 per cent of volatile oil. (U) The turpentine from Tinun palusiris, P. to'da, P. Ciibenfiis, collected in the Southern sea- bordering States from North Carolina to Texas. From them, princii)ally from the first source, is obtained the English or America
. Bulletin. Forests and forestry -- United States. 35 but only three ;ire comiucrcially important, as they arc the source of the three princii)a] oils of turpentine. (1) The turpentine oiPinus^liiicstcr (.syu. I', maritima) collected in the southern departments of France around Bordeaux. From it is obtained the French tnriientine, which yields 25 per cent of volatile oil. (U) The turpentine from Tinun palusiris, P. to'da, P. Ciibenfiis, collected in the Southern sea- bordering States from North Carolina to Texas. From them, princii)ally from the first source, is obtained the English or American oil of turpentine, which yields 17 per cent of volatile oil. For- merly the P. rif/ida was also worked for turpentine in the North Atlantic States, but it is now exhausted. (3) The turpentine from Pinus laric-io var. Austrkiva, collected mainly in Austria and Galicia. From it is obtained the German turpentine oil, which yields 32 i)er cent of volatile oil. The Russian oil of turijeutine is obtained from Pinus syli-cstris and Pinus Ledehourii, by the direct distillation of the resinous wood, without jireviously collecting the turpentine. It is said to be identical with the (rerman oil of turpentine, but more variable, as it contains products of destructive distillation both of wood and rosin. The turpentines from the different sources differ from each otherâ(1) in their action uiwn polarized light, (2) in the relative amounts of volatile oil they yield on distillation with steam, and (3) in the nature of the volatile oils they contain. Colophon}/.âThe rosin in the different varieties of turpentine is practically the same. It is known as common rosin or colophony.* It consists chemically of a mixture of several resin acids and their corresponding anhydrides. The chief constituent is abietic anhydride, C44H62O4, abietic acid being C44ll64()s. Tht; crystals that are noticed in crude turpentine are the free abietic acid; on melting the thick tiu'i)entine, or on distilling the vo
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