. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. I'J I V Figure 22. Becausi 01 im gri weh simplicity ol its use, the invariable pendulum superseded the convertible pendulum towards the end of the 19th century, except at various national base stations (Kew, Paris, Potsdam, Washington, , etc.). Shown here .in-, right to left, a pendulum of the type used by Peirce at the Eioosac runnel in 1873-74. the Mendcnhall '-second pendulum of 1890. and the pendulum designed by Peirce in ffffrffl. Figure 23 1 in overali sizi of portable pendulum apparatus was greatly reduced with the introduction of
. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. I'J I V Figure 22. Becausi 01 im gri weh simplicity ol its use, the invariable pendulum superseded the convertible pendulum towards the end of the 19th century, except at various national base stations (Kew, Paris, Potsdam, Washington, , etc.). Shown here .in-, right to left, a pendulum of the type used by Peirce at the Eioosac runnel in 1873-74. the Mendcnhall '-second pendulum of 1890. and the pendulum designed by Peirce in ffffrffl. Figure 23 1 in overali sizi of portable pendulum apparatus was greatly reduced with the introduction of this ' .-second apparatus in 1887. by the Austrian military officer, Robert von Sterneck. Used with a vacuum chamber not shown here, the apparatus is only about 3 feet high. Coincidences are observed by the reflection of a periodic electric spark in two mirrors, one on the support and the other on the pendulum itself. Von Sterneck and Mendcnhall Pendulums While scientists who had used the Repsold-Bessel pendulum apparatus discussed its defects and limi- tations lot gravit) surveys, Maj. Robed von Sterneck of Austria-Hungary began to develop an excellent apparatus for the rapid determination of relative values of gravity/-' Maj. von Sterneck's apparatus contained a nonreversible pendulum J^-meter in "Papers b) Mm von Sterneck in Mitleilungen dts 1. MUitar-geographischen Institute, H'ien, 1882-87; see, in particular, vol. 7 (1887). PAPER 44: DEVELOPMENT OF GRAVITY PEND1 LUMS IN Till I'll! CENTURY 331. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original United States National Museum; Smithsonian Institution; United States. Dept. of the Interior. Washington : Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc. ]; for sale by the Supt. of Docs. , U. S. Govt Print. Off.
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