A text-book on chemistry : for the use of schools and colleges . y the ignition of wood in close ves-sels, the volatile materials being dissipated and the *v.* left. The nature of the process may be il- #lustrated by taking a slip of wood, b, Fig. 241, andplacing its burning extremity in a test tube, a. Thisretards the access of the surrounding air, and, as thecombustion proceeds, a cylinder of charcoal is 242. Lampblack is formed on a similar principle. In theiron pot, a, Fig. 242, somepitch or tar is made to boil,a small quantity of air being ad-mitted through apertures in
A text-book on chemistry : for the use of schools and colleges . y the ignition of wood in close ves-sels, the volatile materials being dissipated and the *v.* left. The nature of the process may be il- #lustrated by taking a slip of wood, b, Fig. 241, andplacing its burning extremity in a test tube, a. Thisretards the access of the surrounding air, and, as thecombustion proceeds, a cylinder of charcoal is 242. Lampblack is formed on a similar principle. In theiron pot, a, Fig. 242, somepitch or tar is made to boil,a small quantity of air being ad-mitted through apertures in thebrickwork. Imperfect combustiontakes place, the hydrogen aloneburning, the carbon being carriedas a dense cloud of smoke intothe chamber b c by the this there is a hood, or cone, ofcoarse cloth, d, which may beraised or lowered by a pulley. The sides of the chamberare covered with leather, and on these the lampblackcollects. Diamond is the purest form of carbon. Its specific Mention some of its allotropic forms. How are charcoal and lampblackmade ?. 240 CARBONIC OXIDE. gravity is 35 : it exhibits a high refractive and dispersiveaction upon light. Charcoal possesses, in consequence ofits porous structure, the quality of absorbing many timesits own volume of different gases. Ivory black, which ismade by the ignition of bones in close vessels, has the val-uable quality of removing organic coloring matters fromtheir solutions : a property which may be shown by filter-ing a solution of indigo through it. In all its forms, car-bon seems to be infusible, but when burned in air or anexcess of oxygen, they all give rise to carbonic acid combines directly with several of the metals, yieldingcarburets. With oxygen it gives two compounds, CO . . C02,designated respectively as carbonic oxide and carbonicacid. CARBONIC OXIDE, CO = 14 053,is produced when carbon is burned in a limited supplyof oxygen, or when carbonic acid is passed over red-hotiron, or over red-hot carbon.
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