. Botanical and vegetation survey of Carter County, Montana, Bureau of Land Management-administered lands . Botany; Rare plants. Montana distribution: Small sand dune areas and to unknown extent on major eastern rivers; including three locations in Carter, Cascade, and Custer counties. Carter County distribution: One population is known at Medicine Rocks State Park. Note: It is known from downstream on the Little Missouri River in North Dakota (North Dakota Natural Heritage Program 1990, 1993), but there are no BLM-administered lands adjoining this river in Montana. Chenopodlum tubglabrum Smoo
. Botanical and vegetation survey of Carter County, Montana, Bureau of Land Management-administered lands . Botany; Rare plants. Montana distribution: Small sand dune areas and to unknown extent on major eastern rivers; including three locations in Carter, Cascade, and Custer counties. Carter County distribution: One population is known at Medicine Rocks State Park. Note: It is known from downstream on the Little Missouri River in North Dakota (North Dakota Natural Heritage Program 1990, 1993), but there are no BLM-administered lands adjoining this river in Montana. Chenopodlum tubglabrum Smooth Goosefoot. HABITAT: Chenopodium subglabrum grows in extremely loose, sandy soils. In Montana, two of the populations (including the Medicine Rocks occurrence) are on sand dune habitats, and the third is on a sandbar or sandy terrace along the Powder River that might no longer be extant. The species was not found on BLM lands surveyed in 1997, and is unlikely to occur on BLM-administered lands. SPECIES BIOLOGY: Smooth goosefoot is an annual species. It occurs in low numbers and low density (North Dakota Natural Heritage Program 1990), and its persistence is vulnerable to extreme wind or water erosion scouring events, as well as to long-term vegetation change that increases cover and competition. Like other species of the genus, it is wind-pollinated and is likely to have seeds that can survive more than one year until they germinate. It produces relatively few seeds per plant, so seedling establishment is presumed critical in species' life history. OTHER COMMENTS: This species is very unlikely to occur on BLM-administered land in Carter County. But this study does not address BLM-administered lands throughout the state, so we do not have any new information for recommending change to its statewide status. Noxious weeds like leafy spurge {Euphorbia esula) can over-run this species sandy habitat and they threaten the species elsewhere in its range. This threat is low or absent
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