Text-book of medical and pharmaceutical chemistry . bodiesare formed of carbon in combination with hydrogen, nitrogen,and oxygen. Most combustible bodies contain carbon. 257. Official Preparations.—Animal Charcoal, CarboAnimalis, U. S. P., is charcoal prepared from bones by partiallyburning them, and distilling off the volatile products and char-ring the remaining organic matter. It occurs in granularfragments, or in powder of a dull black color, which, whenignited, leaves about 85 per cent, of ash. This ash should bealmost entirely soluble in hot HCl. 202 MEDICAL CHEMISTRY. When animal charco
Text-book of medical and pharmaceutical chemistry . bodiesare formed of carbon in combination with hydrogen, nitrogen,and oxygen. Most combustible bodies contain carbon. 257. Official Preparations.—Animal Charcoal, CarboAnimalis, U. S. P., is charcoal prepared from bones by partiallyburning them, and distilling off the volatile products and char-ring the remaining organic matter. It occurs in granularfragments, or in powder of a dull black color, which, whenignited, leaves about 85 per cent, of ash. This ash should bealmost entirely soluble in hot HCl. 202 MEDICAL CHEMISTRY. When animal charcoal is boiled for a few minutes with a solutionof potassium hydroxide the filtered solution should be colorless,or nearly so. Carbo Animalis Purificatus, U. S. P. This is prepared byheating the above with dilute HCl to dissolve out the calciumphosphate. The quantity of ash after ignition should not bemore than 4 per cent. Carbo Ligni, U. S. P., is prepared from soft wood, andvery finely powdered. It should be kept in well-closed vessels. Fig. 53-. The Manufacture of Coal Gas. 258. Coal Gas.—Illuminating gas, as it is often called, ismade on a large scale by the dry or destructive distillation ofbituminous coal. In principle, the manufacture is simple; butin practice, it requires considerable skill to prepare a good illu-minating gas. During the distillation, which is conducted inhorizontal, semi-cylindrical, fire-clay or cast-iron retorts set inbrickwork, a variety of products are produced besides the gas,such as tar, heavy oils, lighter oils, steam, ammonia from thenitrogen of the coal, etc. There is left in the retort a porous,friable mass, called coke. After the retorts have been used for CARBON. 203 some weeks, there is to be found lining their inner surfaces avery compact layer of carbon, usually known as gas retortcarbon. The coal is distilled at a bright red heat, and the volatilizedproducts are conducted into a large, horizontal iron pipe, halffilled with water, into
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