. Induction coils : how to make, use, and repair them including Ruhmkorff, Tesla, and medical coils, Roentgen radiography, wireless telegraphy, and practical information on primary and secondary battery . raphy. vacuum tubes carrying a luminous electricaldischarge. It is mainly the purpose ofthese pages to give directions for practicalwork, and not deal in theories, interestingthough they be. At the beginning of X-rayinvestigation many claims were made whichhave since been disproven, but the funda-mental operations remain the same. ACrookes tube of special design is energizedfrom a coil or sim
. Induction coils : how to make, use, and repair them including Ruhmkorff, Tesla, and medical coils, Roentgen radiography, wireless telegraphy, and practical information on primary and secondary battery . raphy. vacuum tubes carrying a luminous electricaldischarge. It is mainly the purpose ofthese pages to give directions for practicalwork, and not deal in theories, interestingthough they be. At the beginning of X-rayinvestigation many claims were made whichhave since been disproven, but the funda-mental operations remain the same. ACrookes tube of special design is energizedfrom a coil or similar electrical distributor,and by means of the resultant rays other-wise opaque objedts appear partially trans-parent, their shadows being cast upon thescreen of a fluoroscope, or these shadowsare allowed to act upon a sensitized photo-graphic plate, and subsequent developmentreveals outlines or shadowgraphs. Thegeneral arrangement of apparatus is shownin Fig. y2. C is a Ruhmkorff coil, givingnot less than 2 inches of spark; B the batteryoperating same; T the modified form ofCrookes tube used most generally; X theobject under observation; F the fluoroscopeor the sensitized photographic plate. The. Fig. ^2. 238 Roentgen Rays aiid Radiography. usual precautions are taken to avoid theleakage of current from the secondary wires,the tube T being best mounted in a woodenstand (Fig. y2), and the wire connectionsbrought to it aS direct as possible. Nocondenser, stand, etc., are shown in drawing,to avoid unnecessary complication. The Fluoroscope. This is a funnel-shaped cardboard boxwith an opening at the smaller end for theeyes and a piece of card across the largerend. The inside surface of this card iscovered with crystals of barium platinocyanide, the most satisfactory fluorescentsubstance obtainable. The earlier fluoro-scopes were made with tungstate of calcium,but the abo^e salt has proven far moresatisfactory. The operation of the fluoro-scope is simple. It is held in the hand by
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