. Medical diagnosis for the student and practitioner. rvation are (1) the collection I of urine over a carefully timed period, (2) the collection of bloodnear the middle of that period, and (3) accurate determination ofthe urea content of the samples of blood and urine. Our usual routine is as follows: The patient is given from 150 to 200 of water, inorder to insure a free flow of urine. One-half hour later, in order to start with the bladder { empty, he voids. The patient is catheterized if necessary, as in urine retention or in thecase of coma. The time of voiding is recorded to within
. Medical diagnosis for the student and practitioner. rvation are (1) the collection I of urine over a carefully timed period, (2) the collection of bloodnear the middle of that period, and (3) accurate determination ofthe urea content of the samples of blood and urine. Our usual routine is as follows: The patient is given from 150 to 200 of water, inorder to insure a free flow of urine. One-half hour later, in order to start with the bladder { empty, he voids. The patient is catheterized if necessary, as in urine retention or in thecase of coma. The time of voiding is recorded to within one minute. About thirty-sixminutes later, from 7 to 10 of blood are withdrawn from an arm vein into a dry tubecontaining a few milligrams of potassium oxalate or citrate to prevent clotting. At theend of seventy-two minutes from the first voiding the bladder is again emptied, and theurine carefully measured to within 1 and used for analysis. The patient takes no foodor water during this period. Otherwise no restrictions are placed on THE EXAMINATION OF THE URINE 207 The seventy-two minute period is merely for convenience, as being one twentieth oftwenty-four hours. Any other period, preferably not too long, will serve. Ambard pre-ferred a period of thirty-six minutes, but the possibility of error in the collection of the speci-men is doubled when the time is halved. If it is desired to carry out a simultaneous phenol-sulphonephthalein test, the sixty minute or two hour phthalein period may be used, halfof the urine being used for the phenolsulphonephthalein reading, and the other half for theanalyses. Analyses should be made by the most accurate, convenient and rapid method avail-able for determination of urea in the blood and urine. The method requires more than theusual degree of accuracy in clinical laboratories, as a relatively slight error in analysis mayintroduce a considerable error into the formula. The urease method, introduced by Mar-shall, fulfils al
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, booksubjectdiagnos, bookyear1922
