The principles of fruit-growing . of lodgment in neglected orchards, andbecause the fruit-grower is so seldom present that Boot Troubles. 351 he does not discover them inseason. The various protec-tive washes which are ad-vised for keeping borers ontof trees are of very doubtfulefficiency. The roots of fruit treesand brambles are very likelyto be affected with large tuber-like swellings or galls, whichhave been the subject of agood deal of uneasiness invarious parts of the of these is shown inFig. 64. So far as known,these galls are not conta-gious, and the amount of harmwhich they
The principles of fruit-growing . of lodgment in neglected orchards, andbecause the fruit-grower is so seldom present that Boot Troubles. 351 he does not discover them inseason. The various protec-tive washes which are ad-vised for keeping borers ontof trees are of very doubtfulefficiency. The roots of fruit treesand brambles are very likelyto be affected with large tuber-like swellings or galls, whichhave been the subject of agood deal of uneasiness invarious parts of the of these is shown inFig. 64. So far as known,these galls are not conta-gious, and the amount of harmwhich they do has probablybeen overstated. The root-knot of the southern statesand of greenhouses is awholly different trouble, andis the work of a nematodeworm. There is also a rootswelling or gall on raspber-ries, due to the work of aninsect. The nematode gallsare commonly smaller andsofter swellings, and occur onthe younger or smaller roots, ^^^- ^* ^^ ^^^^ ^^ raspberry. ^ * . (From Bull. 100, Cornell Exp. and appear not to occur m sta). 352 The Princi2)les of Fruit-growing. the open in regions where the ground freezesdeep. This subject of the root-galls has beenfully gone over by various writers, and a summaryof the subject is presented in Bulletin 117 of theCornell Experiment Station (although this subject isby no means well understood), from which the fol-lowing epitome is clipped: The conclusion of thewhole matter, then, as we nowunderstand it, is that these root-galls are not the work of a par-asite, but are a mal-forma-tion following some injury ofthe root, or some uncongenialcondition in soil or galls may seriously interferewith the nutrition of the plant,in many cases causing it to be-come weak and sickly-. It isprobable that the trouble is notcommunicable, and that cuttingoff the gall averts further troublefrom that source. As a precau-tionary measure, however, wemuch prefer to plant only trees with perfectly cleanand normal roots. The injuries caused by hail ar
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