. The microscope; an introduction to microscopic methods and to histology. Microscopes. 432 HISTORY OF LENSES AND MICROSCOPES [Ch. XII Cherubin d'Orleans in 1677 (fig. 250). This, as seen from the picture, is a binocular Keplerian microscope, or rather two of them, as both objectives and oculars are of convex lenses. The objectives needing to be close together makes a divergence of the tubes necessary to get the right pupillary distance for the oculars. In general this form of binocular has been recently revived for dissection, only in the modern form achromatic objectives are used and Huygeni
. The microscope; an introduction to microscopic methods and to histology. Microscopes. 432 HISTORY OF LENSES AND MICROSCOPES [Ch. XII Cherubin d'Orleans in 1677 (fig. 250). This, as seen from the picture, is a binocular Keplerian microscope, or rather two of them, as both objectives and oculars are of convex lenses. The objectives needing to be close together makes a divergence of the tubes necessary to get the right pupillary distance for the oculars. In general this form of binocular has been recently revived for dissection, only in the modern form achromatic objectives are used and Huygenian oculars, and by means of prisms the image is made erect. Only rather large objects can be studied with such binoculars, and the effort to divide the light from a single objective reached success only as late as 1851, when it was worked out by J. L. RiddeU of New Orleans. His description and a figure were published in the Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science in 1854. From that time on success-. "o cr Fig. 250. BiNOCDiAR Microscope or Cherubin d'Orleans. ful binocular microscopes have been made. The one of Wenham (fig. 52) in England (i860) enjoyed the greatest favor. Tolles in 1864-1865 produced his binocular eye-piece, and Nachet, in France, and Zeiss, in Germany, produced binocular instruments, but there were defects inherent in the construction of all forms, especially the defect that they could not be used very satisfactorily with high powers, and they were expensive. Finally, in 1902, Mr. F. E. Ives figured and described a form of binocular suitable for all powers including the highest oil immersions (§ 142, 150). Several recent models have been produced in which the principles he enunciated so clearly have been incorporated (fig. 53, 54, 55). In the first binoculars of the Dutch form the tubes were parallel, as with the opera glass, but in many of the later forms (fig. 52, 250) and many others the tubes were made divergent. With others, as. Please note that
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