. An encyclopaedia of architecture, historical, theoretical, & practical. New ed., rev., portions rewritten, and with additions by Wyatt Papworth. the sashes hung between The process by which the surfaces of soft iron are converted into a species of imperfect steel, sufficiently hard to resist the action of an ordinary file. Hodgkinson has proved the fallacy of the assertion that if the hard .skin at the outside of a cast iron bar be removed, its strength comparatively with its dimensions will bo much reJuced. Bars planed down on all .sides to an inch square, bore a breaki
. An encyclopaedia of architecture, historical, theoretical, & practical. New ed., rev., portions rewritten, and with additions by Wyatt Papworth. the sashes hung between The process by which the surfaces of soft iron are converted into a species of imperfect steel, sufficiently hard to resist the action of an ordinary file. Hodgkinson has proved the fallacy of the assertion that if the hard .skin at the outside of a cast iron bar be removed, its strength comparatively with its dimensions will bo much reJuced. Bars planed down on all .sides to an inch square, bore a breaking-weigl\t quite equal to those of bars cast exactly an inch A hollow moulding, such as tlie A glazed frame or sash, opening on hinges affixed to the vertical sides of tho frame into wliich it is See Lining. ,, i . , i ^ Casino. (It.) A term applied to a small country house, and to a sort of ledge in a park; but formerly to one capable of affording defence on a small scale against an attacking An elliptic curve \vherein the product of any two lines, drawn from the foci 4 K 2. 112G GLOSSARY. to a point in the curve, shall be equal to the rect:irigle under the semi-transverse andSemi-conjugate diameters. Castella. lu ancient ilouian architecture, reservoirs in wliicli the wnters of an aque-duct were collected, and whence the water was conducted through leaden jjipes to tlieseveral parts of a city. Castellated IIoose. One witii battlements and turrets, in imitation of an anoietitcattle. Castixg. In carpentry and joinery, a term synonymous witji warping. It means thobending of the surfaces of a piece of wood from their original state, caused either by thegravity of the material, by its being subjecttd. to unequal temperature, to moisture, orto the want of uniform texture of the material. Cast Iron. It is the product of the process of smelting iron ores. Different sorts of pigiron are produced from the same ore in th
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