. Fruits, vegetables and flowers, a non-technical manual for their culture. tivating.—In California, where most of GRAPES AND GRAPE CULTURE 103 the Vinifera regions of the United States are located, the practice has beento plant the vines seven feet apart each way, no trellis, but simply stakesbeing used as supports. This enabled the growers to plow and cultivatelengthwise and crosswise. Now the tendency is to plant farther apart,some planting 8x8, others 6 x 10, others 9x9, others 8 x 10 and 8 x 12feet apart. Since the Sultana and Sultanina grapes for seedless raisins andsome of the choicer v
. Fruits, vegetables and flowers, a non-technical manual for their culture. tivating.—In California, where most of GRAPES AND GRAPE CULTURE 103 the Vinifera regions of the United States are located, the practice has beento plant the vines seven feet apart each way, no trellis, but simply stakesbeing used as supports. This enabled the growers to plow and cultivatelengthwise and crosswise. Now the tendency is to plant farther apart,some planting 8x8, others 6 x 10, others 9x9, others 8 x 10 and 8 x 12feet apart. Since the Sultana and Sultanina grapes for seedless raisins andsome of the choicer varieties of table grapes are extensively grown forshipping purposes, better results with such being had by growing themon trellis, trellis are coming into general use with them. The vineyardsare all plowed twice each year. In the first plowing, the soil is usuallythrown away from the vines and in the second plowing it is thrown upto them again. The vineyards being cultivated frequently early in theseason, the cultivation being abandoned after the spring rains are Typical Rotundifolia Arbors The American Euvitis varieties grown in the States east of the RockyMountains are usually planted in rows 8 feet apart, with the vines 8,10, even 12 feet and more apart, in the rows. A plain trellis of posts,24 to 30 feet apart, is used, the end posts being firmly braced, to whichsometimes only two, but generally three strands of No. 10 or 12 wire arefastened, the first, second and third wires being 24, 40 and 56 inches,respectively, from the ground. Of late years many use a modificationof the Munson trellis. In this, pieces of 2x4 inch joist or theirequivalent 20 inches long are firmly spiked to the side or on top, whenposts are sawed off at the right height (43^ to 5 feet above the ground)for the purpose. The two outer wires are stretched on the ends of thecross joist and the lower wire is either stapled against or run throughthe posts at the desired distance below (about six inch
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