. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. 206 QUADRUMANA. the three small muscles for the little finger on the opposite edge of the hand. The con- sequence of all this is, that the hand of the monkeys of the Old World approaches to the perfection of the human hand, from which it differs by the length and the narrowness of the palm of the hand, the length of the fingers, the backward position of the imperfect thumb, and a less variety of movements. For the physiological results which can be derived from this difference, I refer to my Reck. d'Anat. comp. sur le Ch
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. 206 QUADRUMANA. the three small muscles for the little finger on the opposite edge of the hand. The con- sequence of all this is, that the hand of the monkeys of the Old World approaches to the perfection of the human hand, from which it differs by the length and the narrowness of the palm of the hand, the length of the fingers, the backward position of the imperfect thumb, and a less variety of movements. For the physiological results which can be derived from this difference, I refer to my Reck. d'Anat. comp. sur le Chimpanse, p. 34. The muscles of the posterior extremities differ more from those of the human subject. The glutcei are feeble, and inserted very low on the femur; the gracilis is much broader than in man, and inserted very low in the tibia ; the same is the case with the semitendinosus, the semi- membranosus, and the biceps femoris. The result of this low insertion must be, that the knee can only be maintained in a bent, and consequently the trunk in a semi-erect at- titude. The gastrocnemius and solaeus remain sepa- rate until their insertion in the calcaneum, where they unite to form one tendon. They are flatter than in man, and consequently do not form the calf of the leg, which is so cha- racteristic in man. There is a plantaris, as in man. The monkeys seem to be the only brute animals which possess it. The flexor magnus of the great toe or thumb of the posterior extremities is not confined to this toe, but gives tendons to the other toes. Consequently it combines its action with that of the flexor magnus 4 digit, pedis. The monkeys possess also a flexor brevis, lumbricales, an abductor and adductor hallucis, a flexor brevis, adductor brevis digiti minimi, peronceus longus and brevis, and tibia/is posticus. All the muscles on the sole of the foot are more isolated than in man, and consequently they produce more distinct and separate movements for the digits, and prin- cipal
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