. Baltimore and Ohio employes magazine . anical wear due to the tieworking in the ballast. After tiesare first put into the track andtamped to surface on hardballast, the necessity for retamp-ing to surface and consequentlythe wear of the ties by ballastdepends largely upon the natureof the sub-grade. Good surfaceand sub-surface drainage usuallyn insures solid roadbed, where the normal bearing value of thematerial qualifies it for heavyloading. Where such conditions prevail,track surface is maintained with a mini-mum amount of tamping and the me-chanical effect of the ballast on the ties isneg
. Baltimore and Ohio employes magazine . anical wear due to the tieworking in the ballast. After tiesare first put into the track andtamped to surface on hardballast, the necessity for retamp-ing to surface and consequentlythe wear of the ties by ballastdepends largely upon the natureof the sub-grade. Good surfaceand sub-surface drainage usuallyn insures solid roadbed, where the normal bearing value of thematerial qualifies it for heavyloading. Where such conditions prevail,track surface is maintained with a mini-mum amount of tamping and the me-chanical effect of the ballast on the ties isnegligible. Wet cuts and fills, roadbedsinks and side hill slips produce condi-tions from which the track as a wholesuffers. They are responsible in the 35 36 THE BALTIMORE AND OHIO EMPLOYES MAGAZINE majority of cases for bad surface and align-ment and can, therefore, be said to be theunderling cause of tie deterioration frommechanieal wear of ballast. Such con-ditions are usually local and limited intheir extent over any stretch of track,. FIGURE 2 Wear on bottom edges of tie by frequent tamping; tie inservice three years and the total mileage of roadway in-volved comprises only a small percentageof the total roadway of any railroad sys-tem. The removal of the cause and therestoration of the stability of the roadwayin many cases involves heavyexpense, for which reason theconditions are often allowed toremain, making necessary thecontinual employment of forcesraising the track and tamping theties to surface. Thus the road-way conditions are responsiblefor the excessive tamping andwearing away of the this does not involve arelatively large number of ties,and as usually the preventionis quite difficult and expen-sive, to some extent, this exces-sive track maintenance andconsequent tie wear from bal-last will inevitably exist aslong as wooden ties are used. Ties which are removed after servicein hard ballasted track are found to bepitted or indented on the bottom andsides fro
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectrailroa, bookyear1915
