. Proceedings of the Symposium on Management of Forest and Range Habitats for Nongame Birds, May 6-9, 1975, Tucson, Arizona. Birds Conservation Congresses; Birds Habitat Congresses; Range management Congresses; Wildlife habitat improvement Congresses. Figure regression of bird species diversity (BSD) on foliage height diversity (FHD) for pooled Illinois (1-4), Texas (5-8); and Panama (9-15) data (Bahama Pine Forest - 16). (Karr and Roth 1971) Connell and Orias (1964) warn, however, "we feel that although some niches are deter- mined by physical variations in the environ- ment,
. Proceedings of the Symposium on Management of Forest and Range Habitats for Nongame Birds, May 6-9, 1975, Tucson, Arizona. Birds Conservation Congresses; Birds Habitat Congresses; Range management Congresses; Wildlife habitat improvement Congresses. Figure regression of bird species diversity (BSD) on foliage height diversity (FHD) for pooled Illinois (1-4), Texas (5-8); and Panama (9-15) data (Bahama Pine Forest - 16). (Karr and Roth 1971) Connell and Orias (1964) warn, however, "we feel that although some niches are deter- mined by physical variations in the environ- ment, most of the dimensions of the niche are a result of interaction between organisms. For this reason, it is impossible to predict the number of niches (and therefore species) from environmental complexity ; The known latitudinal gradients (Cook 1569, Tramer 1974) of species diversity cannot be explained by simple increases of foliage height diversity. Other factors must be involved. Tomoff (1974) found that physiognomic coverage diversity was also important in desert scrub communities. In addition to the increase in species diversity with succession there is a gradual change in species composition between serai stages (table 1). This is brought about primarily because of changes in life forms of the con- stituent vegetation. Therefore, the total variety of avifauna in a sere is much greater than the variety in any particular serai stage. This has to be taken into account in any management scheme. In addition to the increase in diversity there is an increase,of avian den- sity with succession. For maximum bird density within a stage therefore late successional stages should be favored (fig. 4). BROOM SEDGE EARLY TREE POST OAK Yhorseweed 'J-' WHITE HEATH ASTER CLIMAX HARDWOOD Y HARDWOOD UNDERSTORY. ECOLOGICAL AGE INCREASING—»• Figure of birds expressed in territorial males per 100 acres in various stages of plant succession. Dots represent study plots, H
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