. The structure and classification of birds . ocles. In two species of Rhea the relative positions ofthe pancreatic and bile ducts were as is shown in the the owl Photodilus badius I found that the cystic ductopened near to the summit of the ascending arm of theduodenal loop ; below this opened the hepatic duct, andsome way below this again, and near together, the two pan-creatic ducts. A good many details upon this subject willbe found in GADOWS paper on the digestive organs of cloaca of birds is the terminal chamber of thealimentary canal, which also receives the urinary
. The structure and classification of birds . ocles. In two species of Rhea the relative positions ofthe pancreatic and bile ducts were as is shown in the the owl Photodilus badius I found that the cystic ductopened near to the summit of the ascending arm of theduodenal loop ; below this opened the hepatic duct, andsome way below this again, and near together, the two pan-creatic ducts. A good many details upon this subject willbe found in GADOWS paper on the digestive organs of cloaca of birds is the terminal chamber of thealimentary canal, which also receives the urinary and genitalducts, and is provided with an appendix of unknown function, ALIMENTARY CANAL :{., the so-called bursa Fabricii. GADOW, in a recent work ! uponthis region of the alimentary canal, recognises three cham-bers in the cloaca. Above, and separated by a constrictionfrom it, is the coprodseum, into which the rectum opens;this is divided by a constriction from the middle chamber,or urodaeum, which receives the genital and urinary ducts ;. FIG. 21.—CLOACA OF Cliauna derbiuna LAID OPEN FROM IN FRONT. «, rectum ; b, orifices of ureters ; //, genital papillae ; c, fold separating coprodieum fromurodaeum : </, fold separuthifr urodseum from proctodaeum ; e, opening of /, bursaFulirieii. (After FORBES.) then follows the proctodseum, of which the bitrsa Fabriciiis a diverticulum. The bursa Fabricii has been chiefly investigated byFORBES 2 and It is a dorsal diverticulum ofthe proctodseum, and therefore has nothing to do with the 1 Remarks on the Cloaca and on the Copulatory Organs of the Amniota,Phil. Trans, vol. clxxviii. p. 5. - On the Bursa Fabricii in Birds, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 304. 3 De Ontwikkeling en de Bouw der Bursa Fabricii, Inaucj. Diss. Leyden1888. See also E. RETTERET, Contribution a 1Etude du Cloaque, &c., J. deVAnat. xxi. 1885, p. 369. D 2 36 STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS ventral bladder of other vertebrates. It is largest in youngbirds, and
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectbirds, bookyear1898
