Annals of medical history . ot as able or great aman as his predeces-sor. There is muchground to believe thatMazarin was secretlymarried to Anne ofAustria or at any ratewas her lover. The early years ofthe new reign weremarked by the vic-tories of the greatCondc and Turenne,over the Spaniardsand Germans in thecourse of the ThirtyYears War, whichdragged on its wearyway from 1618 untilthe Peace of West-phalia in 1648, bywhich France secured possession of finances of the country were in aterrible condition at this time. The super-intendent of finances, Particelli dEsmery,was a corrupt
Annals of medical history . ot as able or great aman as his predeces-sor. There is muchground to believe thatMazarin was secretlymarried to Anne ofAustria or at any ratewas her lover. The early years ofthe new reign weremarked by the vic-tories of the greatCondc and Turenne,over the Spaniardsand Germans in thecourse of the ThirtyYears War, whichdragged on its wearyway from 1618 untilthe Peace of West-phalia in 1648, bywhich France secured possession of finances of the country were in aterrible condition at this time. The super-intendent of finances, Particelli dEsmery,was a corrupt Italian. His extravaganceand venality necessitated the most oner-ous taxation. Mazarin was much moreavaricious than Richelieu, amassing enor-mous wealth for himself and his at the court and government posi-tions, as well as in the army and navy,were openly sold, and we can read in Patinsletters the way in which positions in themedical service of the court were sold tothe highest bidder, regardless of Mazarin either got all, or a large part ofmost of the bargains thus made. TheParlement of Paris had become a center ofopposition to the corruption and venaHtyof the court. Mazarin resolved in August,1648, to break the opposition by seizingthree of the members who had taken themost active were named deBlanc-mesnil, Broussel, and Charton. The lastnamed ran away, de Blancmesnil was easilytaken prisoner, but when some guards hadput Broussel in acoach to carry himoff, a clamor wasraised and the popu-lation of Paris rose inrevolt. The Parlementof Paris marched tothe Louvre followedby an immense a brief show ofresistance the Courtyielded and the ar-rested magistrateswere released. This insurrectionand that of theF r 0 n d e w h i c h d e -\cloped immediatelyafterwards werefomented largely bythe activity of PaulCondi later Cardinalde Retz, the coadju-tor to the Archbishop of Paris. He wasintelligent, wealthy, unscrupulous, andabove all a demagog
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