. The American commonwealth . o sup-press insurrection. Offenses against Federal statutes are justiciable in Fed-eral courts, and punishable under Federal authority. Thereis no Federal common law of crimes. Resistance offered to the enforcement of a Federalstatute may be suppressed by Federal authority. Attacks on the property of the Federal governmentmay be repelled, and disturbances thence arising may bequelled by Federal authority. The judgments pronounced in civil causes by Federalcourts are executed by the officers of these courts. All other offenses and disorders whatsoever are left tobe
. The American commonwealth . o sup-press insurrection. Offenses against Federal statutes are justiciable in Fed-eral courts, and punishable under Federal authority. Thereis no Federal common law of crimes. Resistance offered to the enforcement of a Federalstatute may be suppressed by Federal authority. Attacks on the property of the Federal governmentmay be repelled, and disturbances thence arising may bequelled by Federal authority. The judgments pronounced in civil causes by Federalcourts are executed by the officers of these courts. All other offenses and disorders whatsoever are left tobe dealt with by the duly constituted authorities of the State,who are, however, entitled to summon the power of the Unionto their aid in case of the breaking out in a State of seriousdisturbances. So far we have been considering the relations of thenational government to the States as political us now see what are its relations to the individual citizensof these States. They are citizens of the Union as well as. FEDERAL SYSTEM 145 of the States, and owe allegiance to both powers. In generalthe right of the State to obedience is wider in the area ofmatters which it covers. But within the limits of its power,the authority of the national government is higher than thatof the State. The limits of judicial power are more difficult of defini-tion. JEvery citizen can sue and be sued or indicted both inthe courts of his State and in the Federal courts, but in someclasses of cases the former, in others the latter, is the propertribunal, while in many it is left to the choice of the partiesbefore which tribunal they will proceed. The Federal authority acts upon the citizens of a Statedirectly by means of its own officers, who are quite distinctfrom and independent of the State officials. Federal in-direct taxes, for instance, are levied all along the coast andover the country by Federal custom-house collectors andexcisemen, acting under the orders of the Treasury Depart-me
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