. A text-book of comparative physiology for students and practitioners of comparative (veterinary) medicine . Fig. 270.—Omasum and abomasum of ox cut open (Smith). A. psalterium, with open-ing between it and the reticulum at B; P. foldings (plicse) of mucous membraneat C. fourth stomach. animal feeding upon substances so poor in nutritive material inproportion to their bulk and requiring so much mastication tofit them to be acted on by the digestive juices. The reactionof tbe first two stomachs is alkaline. In the camel tribe, water cells are arranged in parallel orderin the rumen. The edges o
. A text-book of comparative physiology for students and practitioners of comparative (veterinary) medicine . Fig. 270.—Omasum and abomasum of ox cut open (Smith). A. psalterium, with open-ing between it and the reticulum at B; P. foldings (plicse) of mucous membraneat C. fourth stomach. animal feeding upon substances so poor in nutritive material inproportion to their bulk and requiring so much mastication tofit them to be acted on by the digestive juices. The reactionof tbe first two stomachs is alkaline. In the camel tribe, water cells are arranged in parallel orderin the rumen. The edges of these are provided with muscular 328 COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY. fibers constituting sphincters by which their openings inwardmay be closed. These cells number several hundred, and arecapable of containing some quarts of Pig. 271.—A. sheep. B. Stomach of musk-deer, m, oesophagus; Rn, ru-men; Ret. reticulum; Ps, psaltesium; A, Ab, abomasum; Bit, duodenum; Pij,pylorus (Huxley). The manyplies is so named from the arrangement of itsmucus membrane in folds, a condition, however, not equallywell marked in all ruminants. A structure known as the oesophageal canal, (furrow, groove)communicates with the first three stomachs. During swallow-ing, its lower portion is raised above the level of the thirdstomach, so that it is likely that this is a barrier against theentrance of all except liquids or soft foods into the manyplies. It is difficult to make any positive statement as to what otherpart it may take in determining the direction of food when en-tering or leaving the various stomachs. It does not seem to beCssential to return of the cud. DIGESTION OF FOOD. 329 The abomasum or rennet resembles other forms of truedigestive stomachs in all essential particulars. While the opening between the first
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