. The ocean carrier; a history and analysis of the service and a discussion of the rates of ocean transportation . pecially Liverpool hasdeveloped connections with all parts of the oldworld and incidentally with that part of the newworld called South America. Europe was the pio-neer in getting these services instead of the UnitedStates, because those parts of the world wereher economic dependencies and she was depend-ent on them while America was not. Futher-more, these countries are all cultural dependenciesof Europe: South America is Latin, South Africaand Australia are British, Asia is spri
. The ocean carrier; a history and analysis of the service and a discussion of the rates of ocean transportation . pecially Liverpool hasdeveloped connections with all parts of the oldworld and incidentally with that part of the newworld called South America. Europe was the pio-neer in getting these services instead of the UnitedStates, because those parts of the world wereher economic dependencies and she was depend-ent on them while America was not. Futher-more, these countries are all cultural dependenciesof Europe: South America is Latin, South Africaand Australia are British, Asia is sprinkled withEuropean possessions, and twenty-five years agoas now was a great European market. Withemigrants, with mail, with colonial ambitions,with manufactured export and raw import,Europe had need of connection with the endsof the earth and where the need was the linespromptly came. Some of them were subsidized,but most of them were not. Where there isreciprocal want, with permission to exchange,there will the lines be also. They will come likecabbies for a fare. In the meantime we did not have these strong. Line Traffic Developments 143 needs to communicate with Africa, Asia, SouthAmerica, and the isles of the sea. We wereshowering wheat, corn, cotton, and meat intoEurope by the milHons of tons. Manufacturescame back over the route, with milHons of Euro-pean emigrants and hundreds of thousands of re-turning American tourists. Here, to meet theseheaviest needs, arose the worlds fastest steamshiplines. By their connection at Liverpool, NewYork was but a little farther from Asia and Africaand South America than was Liverpool. In pointof time. New York was often no farther awayby this devious route than she would have beenby a direct one, because the small American de-mand for direct service would have sufficed onlyto command slow steamers. At the same timethe livelier demand and the subsidies paid forconnection from Europe had resulted in fastersteamers from England, France, an
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