The European Academy of Arts (EAS), Warsaw Citadel, Warsaw, Poland
Cytadela is a 19th-century fortress in Warsaw, Poland. It was built by order of Tsar Nicholas I after the suppression of the 1830 November Uprising in order to bolster imperial Russian control of the city. It served as a prison into the late 1930s. The Citadel was built by personal order of Tsar Nicholas I after the 1830 November Uprising. The fortress is a pentagon-shaped brick structure with high outer walls, enclosing an area of 36 hectares. The cost of construction came to 11 million rubles (roughly tonnes of pure gold or 128 million euro at today's' prices), a colossal sum by 19th-century standards, and was borne entirely by the city of Warsaw and the Bank of Poland, as yet another punishment for the failed uprising. In peacetime, some 5,000 Russian troops were stationed there. During the 1863 January Uprising, the garrison was reinforced to over 16,000. By 1863 the fortress housed 555 artillery pieces of various calibers, and could cover most of the city center with artillery fire. About the fortress 104 prison casemates were built, providing cells for 2,940, mostly political, prisoners. The list of Poles imprisoned and/or executed there up through World War I reads like a Who's Who of notable patriots and revolutionaries. They include persons as diverse as Apollo Korzeniowski, writer, political activist and father of Joseph Conrad; Romuald Traugutt, Jarosław Dąbrowski, Feliks Dzierżyński, Rosa Luxemburg; Józef Piłsudski; Roman Dmowski; and Eligiusz Niewiadomski, Gabriel Narutowicz. The Citadel's Tenth Pavilion has, since 1963, served as a museum. (source: Wikipedia)
Size: 3872px × 2592px
Location: Warsaw Citadel, Warsaw, Poland
Photo credit: © Grzegorz Gajewski / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
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