. Röntgen ray diagnosis and therapy . that of the elbow is,may be overlooked or misinterpreted on fluoroscopic examina-tion. In dislocation of the hip fluoroscopy must also not betrusted. The same can be said of the detection of concretions andof the diseases of the teeth and the bones as they are described inChapter VI and XIII. As a rule, hard tubes should not be employed for screen workon account of their great penetrating power, which permits butlittle contrast. Soft tubes give the best fluoroscopic differentia-tion. Especially in studying the thoracic organs this kind oftubes should be ch
. Röntgen ray diagnosis and therapy . that of the elbow is,may be overlooked or misinterpreted on fluoroscopic examina-tion. In dislocation of the hip fluoroscopy must also not betrusted. The same can be said of the detection of concretions andof the diseases of the teeth and the bones as they are described inChapter VI and XIII. As a rule, hard tubes should not be employed for screen workon account of their great penetrating power, which permits butlittle contrast. Soft tubes give the best fluoroscopic differentia-tion. Especially in studying the thoracic organs this kind oftubes should be chosen. If thicker portions of the body must beexamined, tubes of medium hardness are required. The mobilityof the tube is a condition sine qua non in fluoroscopic examina-tion. The tube-holder must be so arranged that the tube can beturned in all directions. The authors diaphragm, as described FLUOROSCOPY 43 on page 39, is also extremely useful for detailed observationin fluoroscopy. An advantage of fluoroscopy not to be underesti- m. Fig. 30.—Orthodiagraphy Examination. mated is its cheapness. A disadvantage of the screen for patientand physician is the necessity of long exposure, which may oncein a while result in dermatitis. 44 THE KONTGEN EAYS Orthodiagraphy.—The fact that the size of all skiagraphs islarger than that of the objects they represent, led to the construc-tion of orthodiagraphic apparatus, by the aid of which the exact sizeof a body is determined. Levy-Dorn, Moritz, Hirschmann, andothers have constructed useful apparatus of this kind. The ortho-diagraph made by Hirschmann permits direct tracing by the aid ofa movable screen (compare Fig. 30). The measuring-stand devisedby Hoffmann (Fig. 31) has also come into favour. Its main prin-
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