. Elementary text-book of zoology, tr. and ed. by Adam Sedgwick, with the assistance of F. G. Heathcote. HYMENOPTEKA. 591 moveable head with large facetted eyes which in the male are almost in contact, and three ocelli (fig. 486). In the antennae a large basal joint (shaft) and eleven to twelve shorter joints can usually be distinguished, or they are not crooked, in which case they consist of a greater number of joints. The mouth parts are biting and licking; the upper lip and man- dibles are constructed as in beetles and Orthoptera; the maxillse and labium, 011 the other hand, are elongated a
. Elementary text-book of zoology, tr. and ed. by Adam Sedgwick, with the assistance of F. G. Heathcote. HYMENOPTEKA. 591 moveable head with large facetted eyes which in the male are almost in contact, and three ocelli (fig. 486). In the antennae a large basal joint (shaft) and eleven to twelve shorter joints can usually be distinguished, or they are not crooked, in which case they consist of a greater number of joints. The mouth parts are biting and licking; the upper lip and man- dibles are constructed as in beetles and Orthoptera; the maxillse and labium, 011 the other hand, are elongated and adapted for licking, and when at rest are frequently bent round. In bees the tongue can be considerably elongated and assume the form of a proboscis; in this case the lobes of the jaws also become considerably extended, and form a kind of sheath around the tongue. The maxillary palps are usually six-jointed; the labial palps on the other hand only four-jointed, but the number of joints may be reduced. As in the Lepidoptera and Dipt&ra, the prothorax is firmly con- nected with the following thoracic segments, inasmuch as the. FIG. 480.—Apis mellifica. a. Queen, b. Worker, c, Drone. pronotum at least (excepting in the leaf- and wood-wasps) is fused with the mesonotum, while the rudimentary prosternum remains freely moveable. On the mesothorax two small moveable scales (tegulce) are found over the base of the forewing, and behind the scutellum the anterior part of the metanotum is developed into the posterior shield (postscutelluiii). Both pairs of wings are membranous, transparent, and traversed by but few iiervures; the anterior are considerably larger than the posterior. From the outer edge of the latter small hooks arise, which are attached to the inferior edge of the anterior pair, thus bringing about the connection between the two pairs of wings. Sometimes the wings are absent in one of the two sexes, or in the workers amongst many social Hymenoptera. The legs posse
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