Geology . Fig. 466.—Teeth of mastodon (Mastodon longirostris), showing slightly worn tuberclesat the right and much worn ones at the left. (From Gaudry, after Kaup.) have been limited to the middle and southern portions, a limitationwhich is hardly accidental, and which probably implies that the cli-mate of northern Europe was already becoming uncongenial to theprimates. There are indeed signs of a gradual abandonment. The. Fig. 467.—Teeth of elephant (Elephus primigenius), with the transverse ridges differ-entially worn, showing dentine in the center, the enamel, which forms the crenu-lated l
Geology . Fig. 466.—Teeth of mastodon (Mastodon longirostris), showing slightly worn tuberclesat the right and much worn ones at the left. (From Gaudry, after Kaup.) have been limited to the middle and southern portions, a limitationwhich is hardly accidental, and which probably implies that the cli-mate of northern Europe was already becoming uncongenial to theprimates. There are indeed signs of a gradual abandonment. The. Fig. 467.—Teeth of elephant (Elephus primigenius), with the transverse ridges differ-entially worn, showing dentine in the center, the enamel, which forms the crenu-lated loops, supported by dentine within and cement without. (After Owenand Metcalfe.) Paidopithex, a representative of the higher apes, seems to have leftEurope in the earlier Pliocene. The lower apes (Cercopithecidcc)remained longer, and the Macacns (the Barbary ape) still lives on therock of Gibraltar. The Macacus appears to have had considerable THE PLIOCENE PERIOD. 325 range in Europe in the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene periods,and it is still the most widely distributed member of its family. Thebest known of the Pliocene tailed apes, the Mesopithecus, left abundantrelics at Pikermi, near Athens. The Mesopithecus was closely relatedto the present Indian Semnopithecus, on the one hand, and to the Macacus,on the other. An allied genus, Dolichopithecus, which lived in France,is interesting on account of its larg
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