. The encyclopedia of practical horticulture; a reference system of commercial horticulture, covering the practical and scientific phases of horticulture, with special reference to fruits and vegetables;. Gardening; Fruit-culture; Vegetable gardening. 1068 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE Gall Moth Gelechia pinifolia 6. A gall making moth, similar to a ^'Clothes ; Gall Fungus 7. Any fungus of the order Chytridia- ceae, that causes galls in plants, specific- ally, one producing a disease in cranber- ries and related plants. - Gall Bacterium Bacterium tumefaciens 8. A bacterium t
. The encyclopedia of practical horticulture; a reference system of commercial horticulture, covering the practical and scientific phases of horticulture, with special reference to fruits and vegetables;. Gardening; Fruit-culture; Vegetable gardening. 1068 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE Gall Moth Gelechia pinifolia 6. A gall making moth, similar to a ^'Clothes ; Gall Fungus 7. Any fungus of the order Chytridia- ceae, that causes galls in plants, specific- ally, one producing a disease in cranber- ries and related plants. - Gall Bacterium Bacterium tumefaciens 8. A bacterium that seems to be al- ways present with crown gall and may infect healthy trees with the disease. Gall Worm 9. The Nematode eel worm. It is not properly an insect but belongs to that class of animals known as Vermes. It attacks the potato more generally perhaps than any other field crop and this may be an objection urged against planting po-. Fig. 1. Crown Gall on Roots of Apple Trees. tatoes among orchard trees, unless under conditions where the freezing of winter would kill the worms. Forms of Crown Gall *Hedgecock says that the different forms of gall, such as "hard gall," "soft gall," and various other forms and var- ieties of the disease such as are found on raspberries, blackberries, the peach, ap- ple, etc., also the hairy root galls, are but varying forms of the same disease. Though the disease varies in the different plants and different stages of develop- ment, yet in all cases it is the same in character, produced by the same causes and always somewhat contagious. Hence in no case should shrubs bearing this crown gall be allowed to go into the trade. Like nearly all bacterial contag- ious affections, the only safe way to treat it is to absolutely bar its entrance. Economic Effects of Crown Gall tStewart says that "Crown Gall, Bac- terium tumefaciens, in New York is com- mon on apple trees as well as on several other woody plants. During 12 year
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