Medieval and modern times; an introduction to the history of western Europe form the dissolution of the Roman empire to the present time . e history of the EstatesGeneral forms a curious con-trast to that of the EnglishParliament, which was layingthe foundation of its later powerduring this very period. Whilethe French king occasionallysummoned the Estates when heneeded money, he did so only inorder that their approbation ofnew taxes might make it easierto collect them. He neveradmitted that he had not theright to levy taxes if he wishedwithout consulting his England, on the other
Medieval and modern times; an introduction to the history of western Europe form the dissolution of the Roman empire to the present time . e history of the EstatesGeneral forms a curious con-trast to that of the EnglishParliament, which was layingthe foundation of its later powerduring this very period. Whilethe French king occasionallysummoned the Estates when heneeded money, he did so only inorder that their approbation ofnew taxes might make it easierto collect them. He neveradmitted that he had not theright to levy taxes if he wishedwithout consulting his England, on the other hand, the kings ever since the timeof Edward I had repeatedly agreed that no new taxes shouldbe imposed without the consent of Parliament. Edward II, aswe have seen, had gone farther and accepted the representativesof the people as his advisers in all important matters touching thewelfare of the realm. While the French Estates gradually sankinto insignificance, the English Parliament soon learned to grantno money until the king had redressed the grievances which itpointed out, and thus it insured its influence over the kings Fig. 40. Royal Arms ofEdward III On the upper left-hand quarter and the lower right-hand are the lilies as represented in heraldry England in the Middle Ages 135 Edward III found it impossible, however, to conquer France, Edward 111and the successor of the French King, John II, managed before possibieToEdward died in 1377 to get back almost all the lands that ^?^erthe English had occupied. For a generation after the death of Edward III the war with MiserableFrance was almost discontinued. France had suffered a great Francedeal more than England. In the first place, all the fighting hadbeen done on her side of the Channel, and in the second place,the soldiers, who found themselves without occupation, wanderedabout in bands maltreating and plundering the people. Thefamous Italian scholar, Petrarch, who visited France at thisperiod, tells us that he c
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