A home geography of New York city . View looking Nouth, Many Years ago, from SCHOOLHOUSE IN 42d StREET, BETWEEN 2d AND 3d Avenues 38 HOME GEOGRAPHY OF NEW YORK CITY the greater part of the length of Manhattan there is a central ridgeof rock sloping to the west, east, and south. Look at your reliefmap. In what direction will the drainage be ? Broadway is a goodguide as to the general direction of the ridge. There were lowerridges to the east of Broadway in early times. The ridge of rockrunning in the general direction of Broadway is the backbone ofthe island. In some places this rock rises over
A home geography of New York city . View looking Nouth, Many Years ago, from SCHOOLHOUSE IN 42d StREET, BETWEEN 2d AND 3d Avenues 38 HOME GEOGRAPHY OF NEW YORK CITY the greater part of the length of Manhattan there is a central ridgeof rock sloping to the west, east, and south. Look at your reliefmap. In what direction will the drainage be ? Broadway is a goodguide as to the general direction of the ridge. There were lowerridges to the east of Broadway in early times. The ridge of rockrunning in the general direction of Broadway is the backbone ofthe island. In some places this rock rises over two hundred feetabove the level of the sea. In such places we have a hill. In other places the rock is be-low the surface of thestreets, where it can-not be seen. When erecting sky-scrapers in the lowersection of Manhattanbuilders are often com-pelled to dig downnearly one hundredfeet to reach rock for. A Lower Ridge East of Broadway, 2d Avenue,North of 42d Street (1861) the foundation. Can you picture to yourself a great mass ofrock far below the surface of the street? You cannot see itbecause it is covered with soil. But let us think that you cansee it. Can you then imagine this rock extending northward andcoming nearer and nearer to the surface until at last it comesout of the ground ? This mass of rock begins to show itself abovethe surface in some places, as at Murray Hill and in Central Central Park it continues to remain in view to the end ofthe island. TOPOGRAPHY 39 The highest lands of Manhattan extend from Riverside Driveto the northern end of the island. This ridge of highland isbroken by two valleys, — one at Manhattanville (125th streetwest), and one at Tubby Hook or In wood (Dyekman street). It isat the Manhattanville valley that the trains of the subway come
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