. A history of mediaeval and modern Europe for secondary schools. Herhusband made theattempt in direfulearnest. He was ableto strain the laws, todispense with assem-bling Parliament, toharry the Puritans, aslong as he had suffi-cient revenues tomaintain his Govern-ment. l Fortunatelyfor his subjects sakes,he was without a realstanding army,2 andthis kept him fromgoing to extremes. But by enlarging to the uttermost everyold claim of the Crown to revenue, and by the aid of servilejudges, who always interpreted the law in the kings favor,Charles kept up his income without parliamentary Th
. A history of mediaeval and modern Europe for secondary schools. Herhusband made theattempt in direfulearnest. He was ableto strain the laws, todispense with assem-bling Parliament, toharry the Puritans, aslong as he had suffi-cient revenues tomaintain his Govern-ment. l Fortunatelyfor his subjects sakes,he was without a realstanding army,2 andthis kept him fromgoing to extremes. But by enlarging to the uttermost everyold claim of the Crown to revenue, and by the aid of servilejudges, who always interpreted the law in the kings favor,Charles kept up his income without parliamentary The 1 It was during this epoch that the Puritans migrated in thousands to Massa-chusetts, despairing of civil and religious liberty at home. 2 The only armed force at the kings disposal in peace times was a small guardof yeomen. For larger levies he had to look to the militia raised in the counties. 3 As it was, he was only able to go without Parliament by making peace withFrance and Spain, somewhat ignominiously: not a self-respecting action for anEnglish SOLDIERS OF THE TIME OF CHARLES I Musketeer and pikeman THE EARLY STUARTS IN ENGLAND 281 most famous straining of the law was the case of the ship-money, a war-tax hitherto levied only on the sea-board towns,but now imposed on the entire kingdom. Despite bitter pro-tests, the Court of Exchequer (rilled with judges after thekings own heart) decided that the new tax was This attack by the king upon the pockets of his subjectsalienated a vast multitude of merchants and country squireswho took little interest in theoretical political rights or inreligious difficulties. But Charles was already at bitter feudwith the Puritans. A large fraction of the most intelligent andpious-minded men of the kingdom belonged to this party. Lifewas for them a serious reality to be lived in strict accordwith the precepts of the Scriptures. The English Church stillretained too many of the corruptions of Rome for theirliking: they demand
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