. The railroad and engineering journal . , a fireman had always aguide before him to indicate just what the steam pressure was,and could control his fire accordingly, and, therefore, was notobliged to open the furnace-door so often to regulate thesteam pressure. While the frequent expansion and contraction of the tubesprobably caused them to leak, yet there can be no doubt thatthe methods of fastening them which were at first used weremuch less efficient than those which have since been adopted. The manner of fastening tubes in 1837 is shown in Figs. 45,46 and 47. The tube was inserted into th
. The railroad and engineering journal . , a fireman had always aguide before him to indicate just what the steam pressure was,and could control his fire accordingly, and, therefore, was notobliged to open the furnace-door so often to regulate thesteam pressure. While the frequent expansion and contraction of the tubesprobably caused them to leak, yet there can be no doubt thatthe methods of fastening them which were at first used weremuch less efficient than those which have since been adopted. The manner of fastening tubes in 1837 is shown in Figs. 45,46 and 47. The tube was inserted into the hole in the tube-plate, and a tapered mandrel, shown by Fig. 46, was driveninto the end of the tube, so as to expand it to the full size ofthe hole in the plate. The mandrel was llattened on five sides;as shown in the end view, Fig. 47. After each blow on theend of the mandrel it was turned slightly so as to expand thetube equally all around. The end of the tube was then turnedover, as shown in Fig. 45, which represents a longitudinal. Fig. 32. Fig- 33- Fig- 34- The form of brick arch shown in Figs. 41 and 42was used m 1881. In this it will be seen that the fire-brick is supported on bent water lubes, which are attachedat one end to the crown-sheet, and at the other to thefront plate of the fire-box. Another form of brick archsupported on water-tubes, is shown in Figs. 43 and was used in 18S5. TUBES. Very soon after coal was substituted for wood as fuel inlocomotives, the use of copper and brass tubes was abandonedin this country, and iron tubes were used instead. At firstthere was a great deal of trouble in keeping these tubesfrom leaking. This was especially the case before steamgauges were generally used. Without these instruments itwas impossible to tell what the steam pressure was, untilthe safety-valves commenced blowing off. They were, there-fore, the principal guides by which the fireman was governed,that is, he would fire until she commenced blowing off,and t
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, booksubjectrailroa, bookyear1887
