. Nippur; or, Explorations and adventures on the Euphrates : the narrative of the University of Pennsylvania expedition to Babylonia in the years 1888-1890 . cardinalpoints. The unbaked bricks of which it is built average-twenty-eight and a half centimetres in length andbreadth, and eleven centimetres in thickness. They areall laid flat, and not, as at Nippur, some on the edge, andsome on the side. After each seven courses, or there-abouts, there is a layer of palm matting, while throughthe bricks at irregular intervals run ropes of palm is a slight depression to the south and so
. Nippur; or, Explorations and adventures on the Euphrates : the narrative of the University of Pennsylvania expedition to Babylonia in the years 1888-1890 . cardinalpoints. The unbaked bricks of which it is built average-twenty-eight and a half centimetres in length andbreadth, and eleven centimetres in thickness. They areall laid flat, and not, as at Nippur, some on the edge, andsome on the side. After each seven courses, or there-abouts, there is a layer of palm matting, while throughthe bricks at irregular intervals run ropes of palm is a slight depression to the south and southwestof the tel, and small mounds to the south, east, and the west, northwest, and north, stretches the marshylake called Khor-el-Hasai. Various tels can be seen indifferent directions, while almost innumerable canals in-tersect the country, having Akerkuf or its neighborhoodas the special centre from which they radiate. Baghdadwas visible a little to the south of east, and the goldendomes and minarets of Imam Musa shone out a little tothe north of east. Without excavation, it is perhapsimpossible to say certainly what sort of place Akerkuf. The Ruined Tuwcr of Akcrkuf, near Baghdad. HIT TO BAGHDAD. I 89 Avas. and to wiiat period it bcloiv^^cd. Inscribed bricksliavc been found there bearing; the name of Kurigalzu,presumably Kuriy^al/.u the Second, a king of the Cossaeandynasty, who ruled in Babylon from 130610 1284 ; andthe place has been designated by some Dur-Kurigalzu. Akerkuf has ordinarily been supposed to be the re-mains of an ancient ziggurat. It does not seem to me,from the examination of the ruins which I made in mytwo or three visits, that this can have been the case. Iam inclined to think that it is the ruin of an ancienttower or fortress which guarded a great canal centre. Inthe time of the Abbasside Caliphs it is mentioned, underthe name of Akakuba, as an important point on the canalsystem between Anbar and Baghdad. Somewhere inthis neighborhood, or
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