Fountain Mirabell Garden in Salzburg Austria
Located on the banks of the Salzach river, at the northern boundary of the Alps, the mountains to Salzburg's south contrast with the rolling plains to the north. The closest alpine peak – the 1972 m Untersberg – is only a few kilometers from the city center. The Altstadt, or "old town", is dominated by its baroque towers and many churches. This area is surrounded by two smaller mountains, the Mönchsberg and Kapuzinerberg. The city is approximately 150 km east of Munich, and 300 km west of Vienna. Traces of human settlements are documented in the area of modern Salzburg since the Neolithic Age; probably it was later a Celt camp. Starting from 15 BCE, the small communities were grouped into a single town, which was acquired by the Romans with the name of Juvavum. A municipium, from 45 CE, it became one of the most important cities in the province of Noricum. Definitive independence from Bavaria was obtained in the late 14th century. In 1921, in a referendum, the citizens refused annexion to Germany. On March 13, 1938, during the Anschluss, German troops occupied Salzburg; political opponents and Jewish citizens were subsequently arrested, and the Synagogue was destroyed. Several POW camps for prisoners from Soviet Union and other nations were organized in the area. During World War II, Allied bombing destroyed 7,600 houses and killed 550 inhabitants. Although the town's bridges and the dome of the cathedral were demolished, much of its Baroque architecture remained intact. As a result, it is one of the few remaining examples of a town of its style. American troops entered Salzburg on May 5, 1945. In the city of Salzburg there were several DP Camps following World War II. Among these were Riedenburg, Camp Herzl (Franz-Josefs-Kaserne), Camp Mülln, Bet Bialik, Bet Trumpeldor, New Palestine. Salzburg was the centre of the American occupied area in Austria. As of 2006, Salzburg’s Jewish Community consists of little more than 100 people. The synagogue at Lasserstrasse 8 is
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Photo credit: © Piotr & Irena Kolasa / Alamy / Afripics
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