. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. second vertebrje iucline slightly backward; in the third they are more up- right ; and in the succeeding ones are directed a little forward. In the last tw'O they are remarkable for their thickness ; in the tifth an oval-shaped articular facet is observed on their posterior border; in the sixth, two are present— one in front, corresjjond- ing to the preceding, and one behind, slightly concave, meeting a similar facet on the sacrum. The fourth and tifth vertebrae very often correspond, at their transverse processes, by m
. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. second vertebrje iucline slightly backward; in the third they are more up- right ; and in the succeeding ones are directed a little forward. In the last tw'O they are remarkable for their thickness ; in the tifth an oval-shaped articular facet is observed on their posterior border; in the sixth, two are present— one in front, corresjjond- ing to the preceding, and one behind, slightly concave, meeting a similar facet on the sacrum. The fourth and tifth vertebrae very often correspond, at their transverse processes, by means of analogous facets.^ In the Ass, and sometimes in the Mule, only five lumbar vertebras are found. According to M. Sanson, this is the natural number in the Arab Horse. ^ 4. Sacrum. The sacrum results, as already stated, from the consolidation of five vertebra3. This single bone articulates, in front, with the last lumbar vertebra; behind, with the first coccygeal bone, and on the sides with the ossa innominata. It is triangular, flattened above and below, and from before to behind describes a slight curve up- wards. It offers for study a superior and an infei'ior face, two borders, a base, a summit, and a central canal, the exten sion of the spinal canal. Faces.—The superior face presents, on its middle, the spi- nous jirocesscs of the sacral vertebra3, which together con- stitute what is called the sacral or supersacral spine. These LUMBAR VERTEBRA ;froxt VIEW. proccsscs are xmited at their ^\^.l^' \^?'''^'7^''*"''^^^^T''''f°r l^ase only, and remain process, 4, Spiual foramen; 5, Anterior articular „ ^ ''' . ^ i! ^ • processes; 6, 6, Transverse, or costiform pro- ^^^' *'!« remainder ot their ex- cesses, 7, Posterior articular process. tent; they all incline backwards ' We possess the skeleton of a horse which has seven lumbiir vertebra;, with the normal compleniont in the other regions. The seventli is no doubt the first sacral, as it has all its
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