Anatomy, physiology and hygiene . Fig. 15. Atlas and Axis in position. 10, projection of axis, passing through theatlas, upon which the skull rests. 32. Structure of Joints. — The bones of most of thejoints are held together by strong bands of fibrous con-nective tissue, called ligaments. Their connection is. Fe Ca L -SS Fig. 16. Longitudinal Section of Knee Joint, showing the relation of the structures which enterinto its composition. T, tendon. CaL, capsular or envelop- F, fat. SS, synovial sac. ing ligament. L, ligament of patella. Fe, femur. P, patella or knee pan. Ti, tibia. Cr L, crucial
Anatomy, physiology and hygiene . Fig. 15. Atlas and Axis in position. 10, projection of axis, passing through theatlas, upon which the skull rests. 32. Structure of Joints. — The bones of most of thejoints are held together by strong bands of fibrous con-nective tissue, called ligaments. Their connection is. Fe Ca L -SS Fig. 16. Longitudinal Section of Knee Joint, showing the relation of the structures which enterinto its composition. T, tendon. CaL, capsular or envelop- F, fat. SS, synovial sac. ing ligament. L, ligament of patella. Fe, femur. P, patella or knee pan. Ti, tibia. Cr L, crucial or cross-shaped ligament between the ends of the femur and tibia. BONES AND JOINTS. 39 further strengthened by muscles and tendons, and also, insome degree, by the enveloping fat and skin. The articu-lar surfaces of these bones are protected from friction bythin shields of firm, elastic tissue, called cartilage, and, inthe movable joints, by the synovial1 membranes whichline their cavities and which pour into the joints, as it isneeded, a lubricating substance called the synovial elasticity of these cartilages serves to diminish shocks
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