Illustration from De Magnete by William Gilbert, published in 1600 showing a magnetic needle slanting at the dip angle when suspended in water with just enough buoyancy to keep it hovering. Magnetic dip, dip angle, or magnetic inclination is the angle mad
Illustration from De Magnete by William Gilbert, published in 1600 showing a magnetic needle slanting at the dip angle when suspended in water with just enough buoyancy to keep it hovering. Magnetic dip, dip angle, or magnetic inclination is the angle made with the horizontal by the compass needle of a vertically held compass. This angle varies at different points on the Earth's surface. Magnetic dip results from the tendency of a magnet to align itself with lines of force. As the Earth's magnetic lines of force are not parallel to the surface, the north end of a compass needle will point downward on the northern hemisphere (positive dip) or upward on the southern hemisphere (negative dip). William Gilbert (May 24, 1544 - November 30, 1603) was an English physician, physicist and natural philosopher. He is regarded by some as the father of electrical engineering. His primary scientific work was De Magnete, Magneticisque Corporibus, et de Magno Magnete Tellure (On the Magnet and Magnetic Bodies, and on the Great Magnet the Earth) published in 1600. From his experiments he concluded that the Earth was itself magnetic and that this was the reason compasses point north. He was the first to argue that the center of the Earth was iron, and he considered an important and related property of magnets was that they can be cut, each forming a new magnet with north and south poles. He invented the first electrical measuring instrument, the electroscope, in the form of a pivoted needle he called the versorium. He died in 1603 at the age of 59. His cause of death is thought to have been the bubonic plague.
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