. Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. gricultural tropical or subtropical species, however, such as Culicoidesausteni Carter, Ingram, and Macfie of Africa, and C. furens (Poey)of the Antilles and the Gulf of Mexico are intermediate hosts andvectors of parasitic filarial worms of man. BLACK FLIES. FAMILY SIMULIIDAE The members of this family, known as black flies because of theirdull and blackish color, or also as buffalo gnats because of the humpedappearance of the thorax (fig. 23), are small flies characterized by no. 7 BITING AND SUCKING INSECTS SNODGRASS 57 the strongly d
. Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. gricultural tropical or subtropical species, however, such as Culicoidesausteni Carter, Ingram, and Macfie of Africa, and C. furens (Poey)of the Antilles and the Gulf of Mexico are intermediate hosts andvectors of parasitic filarial worms of man. BLACK FLIES. FAMILY SIMULIIDAE The members of this family, known as black flies because of theirdull and blackish color, or also as buffalo gnats because of the humpedappearance of the thorax (fig. 23), are small flies characterized by no. 7 BITING AND SUCKING INSECTS SNODGRASS 57 the strongly declivous front of the thorax and the pendent head,which hangs on the neck below the level of the body. Many of thespecies are notorious biting pests, not only of man but of domesticanimals and birds, and some are vectors of disease agents. Gibbins(1938) says, among the insects which torment man there is perhapsnone which inflicts so cruel a bite as Simulium damnosum, ofAfrica. Only the females are known to be bloodsuckers; the males are. Fig. 23.—A black fly, Simulium vemtstum Say, female. Order Diptera,family Simuliidae. (Length mm.) said to have the same mouth parts as the females, but the styletsare much weaker. The familiar species belong to the genera Simulium,Prosimidium, and Eusimulium, but formerly all were included underthe first name. The structure of the head and mouth parts is wellknown; the more recent papers on the subject are by Smart (1935)on Simulium ornatum Meigen, by Gibbins (1938) on Simuliumdamnosum. Theobald, and by Krafchick (1942) on Eusimuliumlascivum Twinn. Simulium venustum Say is here described andfigured. The head of Simulium is almost circular as seen from in front(fig. 24 A), or behind (B). On the face, the clypeus (A, Clp) sitslike a broad shield below the antennae, while the irons (Fr) is almost 58 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. IO4 obliterated between the antennal bases. On the back of the head (B)the cranial walls come togeth
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade, booksubjectscience, simuliumvenustum
