. The science of railways . Fig. 36. SIDE VIEW OF GRADER DITCHER AND WAGON LOADER. 100 BUILDING AND REPAIRING Fig. 37. REAR VIEW OP GRADER DITCHER AND WAGON LOADER. Heavy fills are generally made wholly frommaterial excavated close by, but where the loca-tion has been made with the view of avoiding cutsas much as possible, the heavy fills will hav^e tobe made with material from borro^N-pits. In thiscase the bottom is put in with material borrowedon each side of the road and at the point ofheavy fill; the top is made with material bor-rowed at the end near grade and hauled out on the
. The science of railways . Fig. 36. SIDE VIEW OF GRADER DITCHER AND WAGON LOADER. 100 BUILDING AND REPAIRING Fig. 37. REAR VIEW OP GRADER DITCHER AND WAGON LOADER. Heavy fills are generally made wholly frommaterial excavated close by, but where the loca-tion has been made with the view of avoiding cutsas much as possible, the heavy fills will hav^e tobe made with material from borro^N-pits. In thiscase the bottom is put in with material borrowedon each side of the road and at the point ofheavy fill; the top is made with material bor-rowed at the end near grade and hauled out on thetop of the embankment and is built up in lifts oftwo or three feet at a time; the top materialfor the embankment is taken from the cut at theend, which is widened or used as a borrowpit onthe side from which snow will come. Where thelength of haul is considerable, four-wheeledscrapers, wagons and carts are used (see Figs. 39to 44.) CONSTRUCTION, 101
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectrailroa, bookyear1900
