The elements of botany for The elements of botany for beginners and for schools elementsbotany00gray Year: 1887 106 SIMPLE PISTILS. [SECTION 10. 305. Carpels. It is convenient to liave a name for each flower-leaf of the gynceciuiii; so it is called a Carpel, in Latin Carpellum or Carpidium. A simple pistil is a carpel. Each component tlower-leaf of a compound pistil is likewise a carpel. When a flower has twu or more pistils, these of course are simple pistils, that is, separate carpels or pistil-leaves. There may be only a single simple pistil to the flower, as in a Pea or Ciierry blossom (F
The elements of botany for The elements of botany for beginners and for schools elementsbotany00gray Year: 1887 106 SIMPLE PISTILS. [SECTION 10. 305. Carpels. It is convenient to liave a name for each flower-leaf of the gynceciuiii; so it is called a Carpel, in Latin Carpellum or Carpidium. A simple pistil is a carpel. Each component tlower-leaf of a compound pistil is likewise a carpel. When a flower has twu or more pistils, these of course are simple pistils, that is, separate carpels or pistil-leaves. There may be only a single simple pistil to the flower, as in a Pea or Ciierry blossom (Fig. 271); there may be two such, as in many Saxifrages; or many, as in the Strawberry. More commonly the single pistil in the centre of a blossom is a compound one. Then there is seldom much difficulty in ascertaining the number of carpels or pistil-leaves that com- pose it. 306. The Simple Pistil, viewed morphologically, answers to a leaf- blade with margins incurved and united where they meet, so forming a closed case or pod (the ovary), and bearing ovules at the suture or junction of these margins : a tapering upper portion with margins similarly inrolled, is supposed to form the style; and these same margins, exposed at the tip or for a portion of the length, become the stigma. Compare, under this view, the three accompanying figures. 307. So a simple pistil should have a oue-colled ovary, only one line of attachment for the ovules, a single style, and a single stigma. Certain variations from this normal condition which some- times occur do not invalidate this mor- phological conception. For instance, the stigma may become two-lobed or two- ridged, because it consists of two leaf- margins, as Fig. 324 shows; it may become 2-locellate by the turning or grow- ing inward of one of the sutures, so as to divide the cavity. 308. There are two or three terms which primarily relate to the parts of a simple pistil or carpel, and are thcncs carried on to the compound pistil, viz.:
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