. The Iron and steel magazine. els low in carbon and with high percentages ofnickel, used for valves. ^ (4) Chromium steels, with high carbon and low chromiumpercentages, used for bearings. (5) Silicon steels, used for springs and for gearing. (6) Nickel-chromium steels, with low percentages of nickeland of chromium, employed for numerous parts requiringresistance to shock, and a certain degree of hardness. (7) A new steel known as NY, the composition of whichhas not been published. No. 420. Methods for the Prevention of Piping in Steel Ingots. (DieVerfahren zur Verhiitung der Lunkerbildung in
. The Iron and steel magazine. els low in carbon and with high percentages ofnickel, used for valves. ^ (4) Chromium steels, with high carbon and low chromiumpercentages, used for bearings. (5) Silicon steels, used for springs and for gearing. (6) Nickel-chromium steels, with low percentages of nickeland of chromium, employed for numerous parts requiringresistance to shock, and a certain degree of hardness. (7) A new steel known as NY, the composition of whichhas not been published. No. 420. Methods for the Prevention of Piping in Steel Ingots. (DieVerfahren zur Verhiitung der Lunkerbildung in Stahlblocken.)R. M. Daelen. Stahl und Eisen, August 15, 1905. 1,700 w.,illustrated. — The author describes the fluid compression andother methods of preventing piping. No. 421. D. A Study of the Causes of Blow Holes in a Steel Ingot. (Un-tersuchung iiber den Ursprung eines Blasenraumes in einemFlusseisenblocke.) Dr. H. Wedding. Stahl und Eisen,July 15, 1905. 2,400 w., illustrated. No. 422. D. 432 The Iron and Steel Magazine. The Reversible and Irreversible Transformations of NickelSteel. L. Dumas. Paper read at the September, 1905, meet-ing of the Iron and SteelInstitute. 13,000 w.; illus-trated.— The author de-scribes an extensive investi-gation of the reversible andirreversible transformationsof nickel steel, from whichhe draws the following con-clusions : Two facts stand outabove all the others con-tained in this paper: manganese and car-bon introduced into a steeldetermine alike the appear-ance of the same phenome-non, irreversible transformation, which is more intense the higherthe proportions in which they are present. 2. It is not sufficient that they should be present in thesteel; it is necessary besides, in order that they should exert thefull effects that they are capable of, that they should be in solu-tion, a state which is often, as regards carbon, impossible ofattainment without the aid of chromium. Solution. — If it be sought to ascertain what con
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Keywords: ., bo, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectiron, bookyear1898
