Muiredach, abbot of Monasterboice, 890-923 AD.; his life and surroundings . an the broadest outlines,or to go into details that would have scarcely any bearing on the subject. The Saxon Edward I, or Edward the Elder, was King of England, andwas at the time engaged in the task of subduing the Danish settlers on theEast Coast. Wales was soon to enjoy the rule of her great lawgiver Howelthe Good. Scotland was divided between the Celtic Scots in the West,and that mysterious people the pre-Celtic Picts in the East ; while the 1 This date was chosen as being an even looo years before the date of the
Muiredach, abbot of Monasterboice, 890-923 AD.; his life and surroundings . an the broadest outlines,or to go into details that would have scarcely any bearing on the subject. The Saxon Edward I, or Edward the Elder, was King of England, andwas at the time engaged in the task of subduing the Danish settlers on theEast Coast. Wales was soon to enjoy the rule of her great lawgiver Howelthe Good. Scotland was divided between the Celtic Scots in the West,and that mysterious people the pre-Celtic Picts in the East ; while the 1 This date was chosen as being an even looo years before the date of these lectures. 4 MUIREDACH islands—Shetlands, Orkneys, Hebrides, and the Isle of Man—were in thehands of the still pagan Vikings. An Irish poet-historian once calledIreland aras na n-iorghal, the house of contentions ; but the namecould be applied with equal fitness to the larger island, where Saxons,Danes, Welsh, Scots, Picts, and Norsemen were brought into contact withone another. And the like elements of disturbance will be found if wecross to the European Fig. 2.—Map of Europe in 913 Just a hundred years before—to be exact, in 814—the great TeutonicKing Charlemagne had died. His reign forms one of the most importantepochs in European history : his empire extended over what we now callFrance, Belgium, Holland, Germany, Switzerland, and Northern has so often been the fate of great kings, his descendants were whollyunworthy of him, and quite incapable of keeping together the giganticempire of their great ancestor. It split up into a number of subdivisions, EUROPE 5 and, during the hundred years that elapsed between the death of Charle-magne and the erection of our Cross, Europe had witnessed the deplorablefamily history of the degenerate Carolingian dynasties. From this break-upof the empire of Charlemagne were born the chief nations of modernEurope. In France, the duchy of Brittany alone had remained outside Charle-magnes empire. Not till the
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