Medieval and modern times; an introduction to the history of western Europe form the dissolution of the Roman empire to the present time . the regeneration of Italy through the educationof the young men in lofty republican principles. Mazzini hadno confidence in princes and treaties and foreign aid. Weare of the people and will treat with the people. They willunderstand us, he said. He was not the man to organize asuccessful revolution, but he inspired the young Italians with analmost religious enthusiasm for the cause of Italys liberation. Etirope after the Congress of Vienna S77 There was a
Medieval and modern times; an introduction to the history of western Europe form the dissolution of the Roman empire to the present time . the regeneration of Italy through the educationof the young men in lofty republican principles. Mazzini hadno confidence in princes and treaties and foreign aid. Weare of the people and will treat with the people. They willunderstand us, he said. He was not the man to organize asuccessful revolution, but he inspired the young Italians with analmost religious enthusiasm for the cause of Italys liberation. Etirope after the Congress of Vienna S77 There was a great diversity of opinion among the reformers Plan ofas to the best way to make Italy into a nation. Mazzinis party under^he* ysaw no hope except in republican institutions, but others were h^dshipconfident that an enlightened pope could form an Italian federa-tion, of which he should be the head. And when Pius IX, Early reformsupon his accession in 1846, immediately began to consult the (pope, 1846-interests and wishes of his people by subjecting priests to taxa- l878)tion, admitting laymen to his councils and tribunals, granting. Fig. 152. Pius IX greater liberty of the press, and even protesting against Aus-trian encroachments, there seemed to be some ground for thebelief that the pope might take the lead in the regeneration ofItaly. But he soon grew suspicious of the liberals, and the out-come furnished one more proof of the sagacity of Machiavelli,who had pointed out over three centuries earlier that the tem-poral possessions of the pope constituted the chief obstacle toItalian 1 See above, p. 228. 578 Medieval and Modern Times Reason ofAustriasinfluenceafter theCongress ofVienna Creation ofthe kingdomof Greece,1829 Belgiumbecomes anindependentkingdomin 1831 From 1815 to 1848 those who believed in keeping thingsas they were at any cost were able, under the leadership ofMetternich, to oppose pretty successfully those who from timeto time attempted to secure for the
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